BackgroundSmoking bans in public places have been shown to have an impact on smoking habits, however the potential influence of a university smoking ban on faculty and staff smoking habits remains elusive.MethodsThis cross sectional study was implemented in Nayoro City, Japan in 2011, among the faculty and students of the Nayoro City University. Five years after the declaration of a total ban on smoking on a university campus, the smoking characteristics of all students, teachers and office workers, and the policy’s impact on smokers were investigated. The survey was conducted through an anonymous, self-administered, multiple-choice questionnaire. Information was gathered on the characteristics and smoking characteristics of respondents, and the smokers attitudes toward smoking.ResultsThe recovery rate was 62.1%. Among respondents, smoking prevalence was 17.9% in teachers and office workers, and 4.0% in students. Among all smokers, 46.4% did not abstain from smoking while at the university and they indicated their smoking areas were “on the streets next to the campus”: 16 and “outdoors on campus”: 3, respectively. As for smokers, 29.6% of them reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day as a result of the smoking ban. None of the ex-smokers replied that their principal motivation for quitting smoking was the smoking ban.ConclusionsThe ban on smoking served a motivator for smokers to reduce in smoking, but not serve as an effective motivator to quit smoking.
Objective: Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between
temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and emotional stress. Nonetheless, few surveys have
examined the relationship between type A behavior patterns and TMD. The aim of this study
was to clarify the relationships among TMD, type A behavior patterns, bruxism, and
emotional stress in Japanese undergraduate students.Methods: This study was undertaken in Nayoro City, Japan, in 2015, among
students of Nayoro City University. The survey was conducted through an anonymous,
self-administered, multiple-choice questionnaire. Information was gathered on items
evaluating the extent of TMD symptoms, bruxism, type A behavior patterns, and proneness
and sensitivity to emotional stress.Results: The questionnaire recovery rate was 31.8% (175/551). There was a
high likelihood of TMD in 16.1% of respondents, which is comparable to the findings of
previous surveys on Japanese high school students. In keeping with previous studies, we
confirmed significant relationships between TMD and both emotional stress and bruxism. A
weak but statistically significant association was found between TMD and type A behavior
patterns.Conclusion: We propose that TMD may be one of the diseases related to the
type A behavior pattern.
Objective: Early life events connected with the risk of later disease can
occur not only in utero, but also in infancy. In study of the
developmental origins of health and disease, the relationship between infantile growth
patterns and adolescent body mass index and blood pressure is one of the most important
issues to verify.Materials and Methods: We analyzed the correlation of current body mass
index and systolic blood pressure of 168 female college students with their growth
patterns in utero and in infancy.Results: Body mass index and systolic blood pressure in adolescence showed
positive correlations with changes in weight-for-age z scores between 1 and 18 months but
not with those between 18 and 36 months. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that
both change in weight-for-age z scores from 1 to 18 months and body mass index at 1 month
were significantly and independently associated with systolic blood pressure in
adolescence. Body mass index at 36 months was positively correlated with body mass index
in adolescence, while body mass index at birth was negatively correlated with body mass
index in adolescence.Conclusion: Our findings shows that restricted growth in
utero and accelerated weight gain in early infancy are associated with the
cardiovascular risk factors of high systolic blood pressure and high body mass index in
adolescence. In Japan, an increasing proportion of low birth weight infants and
accelerated catch-up growth after birth have been observed in recent decades. This might
be an alarming harbinger of an increase in diseases related to the developmental origins
of health and disease in Japan.
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