Revisiting a classic result from M. Hofmann's dissertation, we give a direct proof of Morita equivalence, in the sense of V. Isaev, between extensional type theory and intensional type theory extended by the principles of functional extensionality and of uniqueness of identity proofs.
This paper presents a new approach to the understanding of human smuggling processes. Based on insights gained through in-depth interviews with smuggled migrants in Austria as well as a broad range of other sources, the authors explain how the phenomenon of human smuggling can be understood as a transnational service industry linking service providers (human smugglers) with their clients (smuggled migrants). The paper explores how certain aspects of this peculiar service industry, in particular the nature of incomplete information prevalent in the market, lead to a variety of risk-reduction strategies pursued by smuggled migrants, who put a high premium on a "good reputation" and "trustworthiness" of human smugglers. These factors, together with other distinctive features of this specific market, render human smuggling structurally distinct from other criminal activities such as trafficking in human beings or the smuggling of illicit goods and call for new approaches in tackling the challenge.
Abstract-The accurate control of the line current, robust and dynamic behavior even under distorted grids and other system faults are the most important requirements for grid connected inverters. Applying direct current control to multilevel inverters combines the advantages of both and is an enabling step towards improved inverter performance. Direct current controllers suffer from high complexity at increased level count, which is resolved using geometrical principles and simple analytical calculations for switching vector selection within the space vector diagram. The simplified, novel parametric controller concept is scalable to inverters with arbitrary level count, does not require any switching tables and the new fully symmetric setup guarantees equal switching frequencies among the three phases. The hypotheses are further confirmed on a real hardware test setup on the example of a 3-level NPC inverter hardware and a Xilinx development platform. Experimental results prove the expected behavior of the direct current control under various conditions, shows a general approach to balance the DC-link capacitors of diode-clamped inverters within the theoretical limits and demonstrates the benefits of using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) as a controller platform.
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