SOA has been one of the most fascinating design paradigms for enterprise-level application software during the recent years. Key to its success has been the inherent support of reusability and scalability. This has brought forward significant advancements in the efficiency of SOA based software during development, deployment and runtime.As a result of the ongoing increase of computational power on embedded devices, and the ever-increasing connectivity of these, SOA has become relevant also for devices with medium computational capabilities like WiFi routers. Extrapolation suggests that SOA will soon be seen on typical embedded systems like sensors and actuators.In this paper we make a survey to outline the potential of SOA to become a key factor in embedded software development. We believe that by embracing this paradigm, current obstacles in the embedded development process can be addressed more effectively, leading to an efficient and less error prone design flow. Although some efforts in this direction have already been made, there are still areas open for research in order to optimize the development process for embedded SOA.
We present a novel Reliable, Real-time Routing protocol (3R) based on multipath routing for highly time-constrained Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs). The protocol consists of a newly designed routing metric and a routing algorithm utilizing this metric. Our routing metric enables strong Quality-of-Service (QoS) support based on parallel transmissions which significantly reduces transmission delays in WSANs. A routing algorithm utilizing this metric is presented based on Dijkstra's shortest path. A novel Medium Access Control (MAC) layer that supports dynamical adjustments of retransmission limits, reduces traffic overhead in multipath routing protocols. Thorough simulations have been performed to evaluate the routing protocol, and the results show that real-time performance of WSANs can be vastly improved.
Performance measurements are often concerned with accurate recording of timing values, which requires timer methods of high quality. Evaluating the quality of a given timer method or performance counter involves analysing several properties, such as accuracy, invocation cost and timer stability. These properties are metrics with platform-dependent values, and ranking and selecting timer methods requires comparisons using multidimensional metric sets, which make the comparisons ambiguous and unnecessary complex. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new unified metric that allows for a simpler comparison. The one-dimensional metric is designed to capture fine-granular differences between timer methods, and normalises accuracy and other quality attributes by using CPU cycles instead of time units. The proposed metric is evaluated on all timer methods provided by Java and .NET platform APIs.
Link quality-based routing protocols are often utilized in wireless sensor networks. Link quality estimation algorithms are used to retrieve information about the link quality, which is evaluated to choose the best available path. Concurrently, recent work has revealed severe inaccuracies in link quality estimations provided by modern short-range wireless devices. The sensitivity of routing protocols to such errors in the estimation of the link quality has not been considered so far. In this paper, we define two main classes of link quality-based routing metrics and examine these classes. We present a method to estimate the sensitivity of routing metrics to link quality estimation errors and confirm this method by simulations. Some routing metrics are surprisingly strong influenced by estimation errors. This finding questions the applicability of these protocols in large-scale networks and necessitates that the impact of link quality estimation errors is explicitly regarded in future developments of link-quality-based routing metrics to create more robust metrics. Our proposed method to estimate the sensitivity of routing metrics on link quality estimation errors shows to be helpful here
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