Online grocery shopping plays an important role in the current online market as the most evolving online shopping category. Despite that, consumers adopt this way of shopping quite differently across European countries. To explain such a difference, the Technology acceptance model (TAM) can be used for better understanding consumer behaviour toward habitual online shopping. This paper goes beyond and applies TAM in online grocery area based on the assumption that customers view online grocery shopping as an interaction with system respectively web page interface. The aim of the paper is to explain consumer behaviour in the domain of online grocery shopping. Structural equation modelling was chosen to determine factors influencing online grocery shopping and moreover, to find positive relationships between them. The online quantitative questionnaire was given to 480 respondents. Analysis showed a positive relationship between Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Behavioural Intention (BI). The final scheme has characteristics of simple path model with a sequence of latent constructs where PEOU has a positive effect on PU and PU consequently effects BI. Perceived Usefulness of online grocery shopping have a direct effect on Intention to buy, therefore plays a crucial role in awakening the interest in buying food online.
Considering a relatively slow adoption of online grocery shopping in the vast majority of the world markets, the main objective of this study was to uncover any new reasons why customers hesitate to shop groceries online. Moreover, we were not looking for undiscovered discouraging reasons only but also intended to validate previously researched reasons in published studies. Thus, we have first used a systematic literature review to cover all relevant previous studies on online grocery non-buyers. Even though this process is time-consuming, it provides a coherent overview of the published material on the topic. Further, we designed a web-based survey of 670 respondents from the general internet population. The data in open-ended questions related to online grocery attitudes and opinions were analysed by the content analysis. 14 thematic units emerged from the process from which the majority confirmed previously researched negative attitudes toward online grocery shopping. Non-buyers prefer to see grocery in person before buying it, there is a distrust in e-tailers to choose the best and freshest grocery, non-buyers prefer personal contact with the seller and behave habitually. Moreover, they tend to shop offline also because of hedonic reasons and pleasure from the shopping experience. Novel reasons why people hesitate to shop online in this category were the time consumption where consumers perceived online shopping slow regarding order-delivery time gap and were reluctant to pay for the delivery service, to mention just a few. We conclude with a summary of our results and a handful of recommendation for e-tail companies.
The advent of social media offers yet another set of communication channels which can brand add to integrated marketing communication strategies. Contrary to online advertising available on social media where traditional advertising logic provides an adequate explanation, the content creation and dialogue on social networks still lack sufficient understanding. Consequently, there are many companies which tend to misunderstand customers communication needs within the social media landscape. The obvious reason is the lack of knowledge combined with resistance to change. To bridge this gap, there is a need for empirical research which will clarify the current communication needs of customers. To explore this phenomenon, exploratory research employing questionnaire involving 481 respondents was evaluated with factor analysis method. Identification of three factors provided deeper insights into the understanding of attitudes and behaviour of the current internet population in the Czech Republic. Social network Facebook was chosen as the most widespread not only locally but also globally. Based on this research and previous research studies on communication, a new communication model is proposed in which the element of interaction is the most important. The proposed scheme bears some novel aspects. Firstly, the content in our model is not created outside as in previous models. A social network itself provides a platform for content creation. Secondly, we expanded the physical technical environment of the social network by the abstract brand community in which not only customers but the employees form a vital part. Lastly, the data plays an important role as a valuable tool for feedback and further analysis. Data flow from customer to company enables managers to execute true mass individualisation.
With the advent of social media where customers have the technical ability to upload own content the change occurred in some of the communication habits online. This world of constant communication is a challenge for businesses as well researchers. Academic research in this area is bringing valuable insights into people attitudes and behaviour on the social media. What is the current situation and where the research field is heading is a question of high importance. This study uses the systematic approach to reviewing the literature and to show the development of publications produced at Czech universities. Although the results show an increasing number of studies, Czech research is lagging behind other similar countries. Compared with the best countries, it is lagging behind in the number of quotations per article. On the basis of these analyses, suggestions for future research that can help to promote future theory development are proposed.
With a growing interest in social media, social networks have been discussed largely in brand management and marketing communications literature. Specifically, Facebook, as the leading brand in social networks, is increasingly popular both for users and companies. However, it is not entirely clear what differences occur among Facebook users regarding their attitudes toward brand profiles. The goal of the research is to identify which demographic factors are related to the functional and hedonistic attitude towards the brand fan page and the overall social value of the page on Facebook. A quantitative survey was conducted on a representative sample of 454 users. The concepts of functional, hedonic and social value were measured using Likert-type questions (four for each of these concepts). Using cluster analysis, homogeneous groups were identified in the data set, resulting in two main segments for the functional and hedonic concept and three for social value. Subsequently, these groups were compared with selected demographic characteristics using Chi-square statistics. Implications for Central European audience: Results of the analysis showed that there is no evidence that gender or age relates to any attitudinal measures towards brand pages on Facebook. The paper ends with a conclusion about the usability of the results for further research and business practice.
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