Resumen. A diferencia de otros latecomers, la historia energética chilena ha estado profundamente vinculada al consumo de carbón mineral. Su importancia en la matriz energética disminuiría desde 1953, abandonando industrias y ferrocarriles para concentrarse en la generación de gas y electricidad. Esta transición daría inicio a un nuevo ciclo de vida del mineral, caracterizado por un estrecho vínculo con la generación termoeléctrica. Desde 1990, el incremento de la demanda eléctrica dinamizó el consumo de carbón a niveles nunca antes vistos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el consumo de carbón mineral en la economía chilena durante los últimos 40 años. La hipótesis defendida es que, después de un declive en el consumo de carbón a fines de la década de 1960, se abre una transición caracterizada por el uso del mismo para la generación termoeléctrica.Palabras clave: historia de la energía; energía; carbón; historia del carbón; historia económica de Chile.Abstract. Unlike other latecomers, Chilean energy history has been deeply linked to the consumption of coal. Its importance in the energy matrix would decrease since 1953, leaving behind industries and railroads to concentrate on the generation of gas and electricity. This transition initiated a new cycle of coal, characterized by a link with thermoelectric generation. Since 1990, the growth of electric demand has grown coal consumption to the highest levels in history. The objective of this article is to analyze the consumption of coal in the Chilean economy during the last forty years. The hypothesis is that after the decline of coal consumption in the late 1960s, a new era begins in which coal is used to generate thermoelectricity.
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