The efficacy of alpha-terthienyl (α-T) for reducing larval populations of black flies was determined in two streams in southeastern Ontario. By 24 h post-treatment, larval black fly population reductions greater than 90% resulted from exposure to calculated dosages of 0.04 and 0.10 mg-L−1 α-T emulsifiable concentrate over distances of 1.0 and 1.5 km, respectively. Significant population reductions were not observed 2.3 km downstream from injection of the 0.10 mg·L−1 dosage, probably because a marshy area upstream from this sampling site slowed the transport and enhanced photodegradation of α-T. Alpha-terthienyl initiated catastrophic drift of benthic invertebrates that was not selective for any functional feeding group. Significant increases in post-treatment drift, relative to pre-treatment densities, were observed downstream from treatment for eight of 10 taxa studied and included filter-feeders, grazers, and predators. Upstream from treatment, significant increases between sampling days were observed for only two taxa. The catastrophic and nonselective impact of α-T on invertebrate drift preclude its usefulness as an alternative to black fly larvicides used currently, although specialized applications for α-T may exist in integrated black fly control programs.
Statement of context: Despite the emergence of collaborative models of practice between occupational therapists and paramedics, there is a lack of evidence examining the similarities and differences between the two healthcare professions including seemingly divergent models of clinical reasoning. Critical reflection on practice: Occupational therapists, paramedics and partner agencies developed a structured learning programme which facilitated a positive approach to exploring clinical reasoning through shared clinical experiences. This led to the creation of a flexible care pathway with the aim of reducing unnecessary admission to hospital. Implications for practice: Understanding models of clinical reasoning can facilitate the cultural shift between healthcare professions with the potential to reduce pressure on hospitals.
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