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The use of drones has expanded the boundaries of several activities, which is expected to be utilized intensively in the near future. Interactions between urbanity and naturalness have been increasing while urban expansion amplifies the proximity between urban and natural areas. In this scenario, the interactions between drones and fauna could be augmented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to depict and evaluate the responses of the opportunistic and territorial seagull Larus livens to a small-sized drone during the non-breeding stage in urban areas and natural surroundings. The results evidenced that gulls do not react to drone sounds, coloration, or distance between them and the drone take-off spot. Clearly, the take-off vertical movement triggers an agonistic behavior that is more frequent in groups conformed by two adults, evidencing some kind of territorial response against the device, expressed as characteristic mobbing behavior. Thus, adult settled gulls in touristic and non-urbanized areas displayed agonistic behavior more frequently against the drone. Despite the coastal urban area being a free interaction environment, it evidences a low risk between drone management and territorial seabirds.

Procyrnea choique n. sp. is described from the lesser rhea, Rhea pennata d´Orbigny (Aves: Rheidae), from the Protected Natural Area Península Valdés, Chubut province, Argentina. The new species resembles P. ficheuri, P. murrayi, P. excisiformis, P. dollfusi, P. haliasturi, P. anterovulvata, P. graculae, P. brevicaudata, P. uncinipenis, P. javaensis, P. ameerae, P. ornata, P. aegotheles, P. spiralis, P. ruschii and P. aptera, mainly in the absence of lateral alae; but differs from its congeners by having a left spicule without barbs, the position of the vulva which is post-equatorial, the absence of lateral ridges, absent median precloacal papilla, asymmetrical caudal alae, males more than 6 mm long, left spicule 1 mm long and spicule ratio 1:3. Our results extend the taxonomy of Procyrnea Chabaud, 1958 and comprise the first report of a habronematid from R. pennata. A key to species of Procyrnea is presented.

Resumen ∙ La Gaviota Cocinera (Larus dominicanus) es una especie generalista que ha expandido e incrementado sus poblaciones en Patagonia. Su capacidad para explotar el consumo de fuentes de alimento de origen antrópico, es uno de los factores que ha permitido esta expansión, tanto en ambientes marinos como dulceacuícolas. La colonización de nuevos ambientes puede afectar directa o indirectamente a otras especies, ya sea por predación, competencia o cleptoparasitismo. Por esto último, resulta necesario conocer la composición de la dieta de las poblaciones de Gaviota Cocinera asentadas recientemente en ambientes continentales de agua dulce. El presente estudio brinda información de la dieta post‐reproductiva de la especie en un ambiente dulce‐acuícola patagónico. Se recolectaron 75 pellets regurgitados de la especie en el complejo Islas de La Guardia en el lago Nahuel Huapi, Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina, en la etapa post‐reproductiva de 2010 (21 de enero–27 de febrero 2011). Los desechos orgánicos de origen antrópico fueron los más frecuentes por pellet (58,6%), seguido por insectos (33,3%) y crustáceos (17,3%). En cuanto a la abundancia, los insectos (48,9%) y los desechos orgánicos (24,7%) fueron los ítems más importantes. Para constatar el origen de los pellets y analizar las proporciones etarias fueron censados adultos, subadultos y juveniles en el área antes de cada recolección de pellets regurgitados. El promedio de adultos fue 77,1 (ES = 40,6, rango = 43–155), el de sub‐adultos 6,3 (ES = 3,6, rango = 3–15) y el de juveniles fue de 3 individuos (ES = 2,8, rango = 1–9). La utilización de desechos orgánicos antrópicos por los adultos de Gaviota Cocinera en este ambiente, demostró ser igualmente importante en los períodos post‐reproductivo y reproductivo, y la escasez de juveniles en los censos sugiere la utilización diferencial de recursos. Este es el primer estudio sobre la dieta post‐reproductiva de la Gaviota Cocinera en un ambiente dulce‐acuícola. Abstract ∙ Diet of post‐breeding Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus) in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Patagonia Argentina The Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) is a generalist species undergoing a process of range expansion and population increase in Patagonia. The ability of utilizing anthropogenic waste is one of the factors that might have enabled this expansion into freshwater environments. Colonization of new environments could affect directly or indirectly other species, throughout predation, competence or kleptoparasitism. In this sense, it is necessary to understand the diet of the recent populations settled in continental freshwater environments. The current study provides information about the post‐breeding diet in a freshwater environment in Patagonia. We collected 75 regurgitated pellets in De La Guardia Islands during the post‐breeding period between January and February 2010 in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Neuquén province, Argentina. Organic human refuse was the most frequent item (58.6%), followed by insects (33.3%) and crustaceans (17.3%). Insects (48.9%) and human refuse (24.7%) were the most important prey items in terms of abundance. Pellets were mainly cast by adults (mean number of adults = 77.1 per visit, SD = 40.6, range = 43–155), which were much more abundant than sub‐adults (mean = 6.3 per visit, SD = 3.6, range = 3–15) or juveniles (mean = 3, SD = 2.8, range = 1–9). Human refuse importance in the diet of the Kelp Gull was as important during post‐breeding as during breeding season. This is the first report of the post‐breeding diet composition of the Kelp Gull in a continental freshwater environment.

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