Abstract. An ambient assisted living (AAL) approach based on standard home automation devices is presented. The aim of this AAL project is to enable senior citizens to live independently as long as possible. Two basic principles have been observed during the development of the AAL environment: first, in order to make the project a success it is crucial to consider both the needs and the wants of seniors. Second, health monitoring issues are important but the project will only be successful if it comes as a package with additional benefits (comfort, entertainment, safety, and communication). To provide these extra functionalities, the tablet PC-based PAUL -the Personal Assistant Unit for Living -has been developed. The HCI has been specifically designed for high ease of use and intuitive interaction. Moreover, PAUL also monitors the activities of daily living (ADL) and can generate alarms. The algorithms and automata used for this purpose are described in this paper.
Machine-To-Machine (M2M) is seen as driving enabler for smart solutions for future smart cities. Specialized vertical M2M solutions approaching the markets with the challenges to meet sustainable business solutions. However, it is essential to develop standard based horizontal service platforms in the domain of M2M industry to achieve the M2M vision, i.e., connecting all different types of devices to communicate with one another. This paper reviews M2M platforms from vertical domains as well as M2M related standardizations. While vertical proprietary M2M solutions provides some value to their vertical sectors, most challenges are identified in scalability and interoperability. Specifically, we perform an analysis centered on a building management M2M system (CAMPUS21) and two M2M standards (ETSI M2M & HGI) platforms. Identified gaps, e.g., incompatibilities on data model, dependencies on multiple vendors and restricted resource sharing are addressed with three major steps: (i) defining and sharing common terminologies, (ii) enabling to add semantic information, and (iii) exchanging semantic meaning instead of raw data. As solution, we suggest a required extension of horizontal M2M architecture in order to provide interconnection between proprietary M2M systems and standardized M2M systems, and draw lessons for conclusion in the future direction to realize the vision of horizontal M2M system.
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