A theoretical model supported by experimental results explains the dependence of the Raman scattering signal on the evolution of structural parameters along the amorphization trajectory of polycrystalline graphene systems.Four parameters rule the scattering efficiencies, two structural and two related to the scattering dynamics. With the crystallite sizes previously defined from X-ray diffraction and microscopy experiments, the three other parameters (the average grain boundaries width, the phonon coherence length, and the electron coherence length) are extracted from the Raman data with the geometrical model proposed here. The broadly used intensity ratio between

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The high-temperature oxidation of multicomponent metal alloys exhibits complex dependencies on composition, which are not fully understood for many systems. Combinatorial screening of the oxidation of many different compositions of a given alloy offers an ideal means for gaining fundamental insights into such systems. We have previously developed a high-throughput methodology for studying AlxFeyNi1-x-y alloy oxidation using ∼100 nm thick composition spread alloy films (CSAFs). In this work, we critically assess two aspects of this methodology: the sensitivity of CSAF oxidation behavior to variations in AlxFeyNi1-x-y composition and the differences between the oxidation behavior of ∼100 nm thick CSAFs and that of bulk AlxFeyNi1-x-y alloys. This was done by focusing specifically on AlxFe1-x and AlxNi1-x oxidation in dry air at 427 °C. Transitions between phenomenologically distinguishable types of oxidation behavior are found to occur over CSAF compositional ranges of <2 at. %. The oxidation of AlxFe1-x CSAFs is found to be very similar to that of bulk AlxFe1-x alloys, but some minor differences between CSAF and bulk behavior are observed for AlxNi1-x oxidation. On the basis of our assessment, high-throughput studies of CSAF oxidation appear to be an effective method for gaining fundamental insights into the composition dependence of the oxidation of bulk alloys.

Context: The lack of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water bodies has become a serious problem for several ecosystems due to drastic changes in their climatic, biological, and physical conditions. The presence of microorganisms, organic matter, and clays, which are carried by landslides and rainwater, affect the process of restoration and transfer of DO in water, thus making it necessary to study how these factors affect the process of DO transfer in water bodies. Method: This work is focused on studying the influence of clays during the DO transfer process in water bodies. To this effect, samples of clays from the region of Paipa, Boyacá, were added in 1, 3 and 5% by weight into the samples of clean water. The aeration process was performed using a constant flow diffusion system. The tests were carried out until the saturation of dissolved oxygen in each of the water samples was obtained. Results: The results show that the presence of clays during the transfer of DO have little influence on bodies of water. However, variations were observed in time intervals of <5 min in which the increase in the percentage of clays favored the transfer of DO. Conclusions: With these results, it is concluded that the presence of clays can generate a beneficial effect during the transfer of DO in bodies of water with a high oxygen deficiency, whereas, for water samples with a relatively high percentage of DO, clays can hinder the DO restoration process.

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RESUMEN Se ha sintetizado y caracterizado un material compuesto de matriz metálica (MMC) base cobre, reforzado con carburo de titanio al 1 % (%w/w) y titanio en fracciones de masa del 10 %, 15 % y 20 %, con el fin de evaluar la porosidad y dureza en el material generada por la presencia del titanio en la matriz metálica. El MMC fue manufacturado por medio del proceso pulvimetalúrgico que comprendió: mezclado mecánico y ultrasónico de polvos de Cu-Ti-TiC en suspensión liquida de 2-propanol, posterior secado y compactación uniaxial en frío a 400 MPa, sometiéndolo a sinterización por descarga luminiscente anormal a 850 °C, empleando una atmósfera de 10 % de nitrógeno y 90 % de argón con un tiempo de sinterizado de 30 minutos. Los MMC fueron caracterizados estructuralmente por difracción de rayos X con el fin de determinar las fases presentes. La caracterización morfológica y composicional fue realizada por microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopía de energías dispersas de rayos (EDS). La porosidad en verde y de los sinterizados fue estimada por medio de SEM, seguida de análisis digital de imágenes. Como resultado se evidencia que los MMC en verde exhibieron una porosidad en el rango de 5,20 % y 7,21 % en las tres fracciones de Ti y en los sinterizados se obtuvieron valores cercanos al 13,6 % con concentraciones del 20% de titanio. El análisis de difracción de rayos X, evidenció la presencia mayoritaria de las fases Cu3Ti y CuTi2 a 850 °C. Las imágenes por SEM y EDS mostraron la distribución de titanio asociada a fenómenos difusivos durante la sinterización. La dureza fue determinada con el empleo de un microdurómetro con una carga de 100 gf, mostrando que el incremento de los contenidos de titanio, ha influenciado en la dureza debido a la presencia de fases intermetálicas, obteniéndose valores de hasta 454 HV.

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III-V family compounds doped with transition metals are promising materials for spintronic applications. Synthesis of an In0.9Mn0.1Sb ingot was thus carried out by direct fusion of the stoichiometric mixture of the constituent elements, followed by controlled cooling. The ingot obtained showed p-type conductivity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show MnSb clusters in an InSb matrix doped with Mn, a result like that found when the compound is obtained using other techniques. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows that the atomic ratio of the clusters is Mn/Sb = 0.896 ± 0.025, while the atomic ratio of the matrix is In/Sb = 1.013 ± 0.005. The indexation of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at room temperature yielded a majority cubic phase of InSb doped with Mn, with a lattice parameter a = 6.474173 Å and cell unit volume V = 271.36Å3 , while non-indexed reflections are associated with the presence of MnSb rich in Sb. The phase transition temperatures were obtained from differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements on powder samples in evacuated quartz capsules. It can be observed that fusion of the InSb matrix doped with Mn occurs between 485 °C and 528 °C, unlike the congruent fusion of the InSb at 527.7 °C; while the fusion of the Sb-rich MnSb clusters occurs between 494 °C and 509 °C. These temperatures are lower than those reported for the Sb-rich side of the phase diagram of the Mn-Sb binary system, which shows a decrease in the thermal stability of the compounds. The estimated fusion enthalpies for InSb:Mn and antimony-rich MnSb are, respectively, 4.8 Kcal/mol and 117.4 Kcal/mol.