We study systematically the impact of the time-even tensor terms of the Skyrme energy density functional, i.e. terms bilinear in the spin-current tensor density, on deformation properties of closed shell nuclei corresponding to 20, 28, 40, 50, 82, and 126 neutron or proton shell closures. We compare results obtained with three different families of Skyrme parameterizations whose tensor terms have been adjusted on properties of spherical nuclei:(i)T IJ interactions proposed in the first paper of this series [T. Lesinski et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 014312 (2007)] which were constructed through a complete readjustment of the rest of the functional (ii) parameterizations whose tensor terms have been added perturbatively to existing Skyrme interactions, with or without readjusting the spin-orbit coupling constant. We analyse in detail the mechanisms at play behind the impact of tensor terms on deformation properties and how studying the latter can help screen out unrealistic parameterizations. It is expected that findings of the present paperare to a large extent independent of remaining deficiencies of the central and spin-orbit interactions, and will be of great value for the construction of future, improved energy functionals.
CH4 oxidation activities from various soils and freshwater sediments were measured at low (≤2 parts per million by volume (ppmv)) and high (≥1000 ppmv) CH4 mixing ratios. Most of the tested soils acted as sinks for atmospheric CH4. A correlation between the CH4 oxidation activity and the numbers of methanotrophs was only observed at high (1000 ppmv) CH4 mixing ratios. This indicates that the counted methanotrophs were not the bacteria which are oxidizing atmospheric CH4 (≤1.7 ppmv). The CH4 oxidation was due to prokaryotic microorganisms active only under oxic conditions. The CH4 oxidation activity decreased at O2 mixing ratios below 1–3% and was rather insensitive for the variation of O2 at mixing ratios >3%. Undisturbed, stratified soils, and freshwater sediments showed vertical profiles of CH4 oxidation activities with a distinct maximum. Sediments showed an exact correspondence between the number of methanotrophs and the maximum of CH4 oxidation both being localized at the surface sediment layer. The oxic soils showed maxima of CH4 oxidation activities generally located in subsurface layers. The maxima of CH4 oxidation activities were slightly shifted below the maxima of the numbers of methanotrophs indicating that the counted bacteria (incubation under 20% CH4) might not represent the active population which oxidizes atmospheric CH4. Plowed, agricultural soils showed no distinct maxima, neither of the CH4 oxidation activities nor of the numbers of methanotrophs. The grain size fractionation by centrifugation or wet sieving of slurries of two forest soils showed that the bulk (80–96%) of the CH4 oxidizing activity was attached to the smaller mineral fractions (clay, silt, fine sand) of these soils. Within the mineral fractions, greater particles had higher specific activities of CH4 oxidation than smaller particles.
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