This article focuses on computations of low frequency sound propagation from an off-shore wind farm. Two different methods for sound propagation calculations are combined with meteorological data for every 3 hours in the year 2010 to examine the varying noise levels at a reception point at 13 km distance. It is shown that sound propagation conditions play a vital role in the noise impact from the off-shore wind farm and ordinary assessment methods can become inaccurate at longer propagation distances over water. Therefore, this paper suggests that methodologies to calculate noise immission with realistic sound speed profiles need to be combined with meteorological data over extended time periods to evaluate the impact of low frequency noise from modern off-shore wind farms.
A study of ultrasonic surface and bulk waves in saturated porous solids [43.35.Pt, 43.35.Yb, 43.20.Hq]--Michael Mayes, Welding Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, •4pril 1986 (M.S.). The presence of ultrasonic surface waves of various modes on a water-fluidsaturated porous solid interface is demonstrated and their velocities are measured. A new surface mode believed to be associated with the Blot bulk "slow" compressional wave has been detected. Porous material bulk wave measurements have been made and a "wedge" technique is presented for enhancing slow wave detection. The experimental technique for measuring surface modes utilizes reflected broadband spectra from periodic surfaces. Usually, two, and in certain cases, three minima corresponding to mode coupling of incident waves into surface waves at the water-porous solid interface are observed. The velocities of the observed surface waves are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions [ S. Feng and D. L. Johnson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, 906 (1983) ]. Finally, the above slow bulk wave and surface wave measurement techniques are applied on rock samples. Thesis Advisor: Laszlo Adler.ceiver. Before estimating BRL, this extraneous loss (called bottom transmission loss, BTL) must be removed. The developed BRL computation method, called the grazing angle matching empirical method (GAME),
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