A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to examine the correlation and predictive value between the Academic Stress Inventory (ASI) and the Stress Symptom Inventory (SSI) in university students and its association with age and gender in both inventories. We evaluated a representative and random sample of 527 students at a public university in 2012. A multiple regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that IEA situations that correspond to classroom intervention, mandatory work, and doing an exam predict highlevel chronic stress; being a female and 18, 23, and 25 years old were associated mostly to stress. We conclude that accurate identification of stressors could help understand stress and its harmful effects on college students. El estrés académico como predictor del estrés crónico en estudiantes universitarios R E S U M E NEl objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la correlación y el valor predictivo entre el Inventario de Estrés Académico (IEA) y el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés (ISE) en estudiantes universitarios, así como su asociación con la edad y género en ambos inventarios. Se evaluó una muestra representativa y aleatoria de 527 estudiantes de una universidad pública en el año 2012. Se usó análisis de regresión múltiple. Los resultados mostraron que las situaciones del IEA que corresponden a intervención en clase, trabajos obligatorios y la realización de un examen predicen un nivel elevado de estrés crónico; el género femenino y las edades de 18, 23 y 25 años se asociaron mayormente con el estrés. Se concluye que la identificación exacta de estresores podría ayudar a entender el estrés y sus efectos dañinos en estudiantes universitarios.

Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación en torno a las concepciones culturales de los conceptos de empleo y desempleo de diferentes grupos poblacionales de países iberoamericanos. Aquí se presenta el caso de los jóvenes estudiantes de bachillerato de Guadalajara, México, sin trayectoria laboral. El objetivo es identificar las representaciones sociales de empleo y desempleo, con el fin de generar elementos que permitan considerar su visión en el diseño de programas de apoyo para el empleo. El estudio fue cualitativo y se apoyó en métodos asociativos para la recolección del contenido de las representaciones sociales. La metodología del enfoque estructural de las representaciones sociales considera a representaciones como un conjunto de cognemas (términos del vocabulario que las personas utilizan para referirse a un objeto social determinado) organizados por múltiples relaciones que pueden ser orientadas y sistematizadas. Se concluye que las representaciones sociales del empleo y desempleo muestran una serie de expectativas que difícilmente llegarán a coincidir con la realidad a la que se enfrentarán los jóvenes en su proceso de inserción laboral.

Introduction: Research into the academic training of resident physicians in Mexico has steadily grown. However, there are very few qualitative studies on the experiences of future medical specialists, particularly during the first year of academic training when there are a variety of situations that challenge the adaptability of students. Objective: To determine, describe and interpret the experiences of medical residents during their first year of training and the influence on their welfare and health. Method: Phenomenological study that included 18 depth interviews was conducted on 13 medical residents. Data collection was completed to obtain saturation. The Atlas.ti ® program for qualitative data analysis was used. Results: Training of medical residents was characterised by work overload, absence of control, and ambiguity in roles to play, lack of support, and scarcity of resources. There were also, imposing, threatening, humiliating, and power relationships with their superiors, as well as discrediting by general practitioners, damage to personal life, stress, and burnout. Conclusions: The impact that academic training can have on the health of medical residents was manifested differently if one has to move to another city. They need to be offered psychological support during their training and treated as persons deserving support and respect.

Objetivo Establecer la asociación existente entre el nivel alto de estrés crónico y las variables consideradas como negativas del perfil de estrés en los migrantes mexicanos radicados en Edmonton Canadá. Métodos La selección de la población fue por medio de la técnica aleatoria simple. El tamaño de la muestra fue: 58 migrantes, durante el año de 2010-20011, se aplicó el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés y el Perfil de Nowack. Resultados Los niveles de estrés crónico fueron: 34 % alto, 45 % medios y 21 % bajo, El análisis de regresión estadístico se determinó que la situación de estrés y la minimización de la amenaza son predictoras para desarrollar niveles altos de estrés crónico. Conclusión La situación de estrés y la minimización de la amenaza son predictoras para desarrollar niveles altos de estrés crónico y las mujeres migrantes a diferencia del sexo masculino, tienden a no utilizar la minimización de la amenaza como afrontamiento al estrés.

The purpose of this study was to analyze cultural consensus about happiness among the elderly by identifying meanings and conceptual dimensions of the concept. A qualitative study was made with an exploratory descriptive design in two successive phases, with free list and pile sorting by a non-random purposive sampling of 76 elderly adults with an average age of 65.35. The results evidenced cultural consensus in the two conceptual models of happiness, one for men and another for women, with high concordance in individual and group answers. The models consisted of two conceptual dimensions of happiness: economic stability and support. The models show limited happiness due to constant concerns of having employment and money to eat, live and buy medicine, which they can overcome thanks to the family support net. Specifically, men were more concerned about economic support for household expenses and for helping their siblings. On the other hand, women had a vision more focused on themselves and on their religious beliefs. The cultural meaning of happiness for women included children and tranquility while for men it meant health, children, wellbeing and family. The conclusion is that the elderly we studied are aware of the importance of their happiness and how to reach it. The looming limiting factor was being excluded from Social Security benefits and not having money or government support. We recommend the State lend support to these people with medical care and free medicine, offer sufficient stable economic support after their 60 th birthday, and promote knowledge and experiences to women beyond religious beliefs as well as the practices of laughter and peace among men for the purpose of widening their expectations by traveling, enjoying themselves and with leisure and recreational activities.