In this correspondence, the use of superimposed training (ST) as a mean to estimate the finite impulse response (FIR) components of a widely linear (WL) system is proposed. The estimator here presented is based on the first-order statistics of the signal observed at the output of the system and its variance is independent of the channel components if suitable designed training sequences are employed. The construction of such sequences having constant magnitude both in time and frequency domains is also addressed.Index Terms-Joint channel I/Q imbalance estimation, optimum channel independent sequences, superimposed training, widely linear system estimation.
We investigate a phase-field-crystal model for homogeneous nucleation. Instead of obtaining the time evolution of a density field towards equilibrium, we use a string method to identify saddle points in phase space. The saddle points allow us to obtain the nucleation barrier and the critical nucleus. The advantage of using the phase-field-crystal model for this task is that it can be used to resolve atomistic effects. The results obtained indicate different properties of the critical nucleus as compared with those for bulk crystals and provide a detailed description of the nucleation process.
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