La pudrición blanca causada por el hongo <em>Sclerotium cepivorum</em> ocasiona grandes pérdidas económicas en el género <em>Allium</em> a nivel nacional. En este trabajo se aislaron, identificaron y caracterizaron tres rizobacterias con efecto antagonico sobre este hongo. Se aislaron 656 bacterias en muestras de suelo de la rizosfera de plantas de cebolla (<em>Allium cepa</em>). Y se evaluó el antagonismo <em>in vitro</em> a <em>S. cepivorum</em>. 23 de estos aislados mostraron actividad antagonica con halos de inhibición superiores a 5 mm; tres de estos fueron mayores a 20 mm, los cuales se seleccionaron, y se identificaron como bacilos Gram positivos, pertenecientes al género <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> y <em>B. subtilis</em>. Estas rizobacterias presentaron actividad enzimática de 1-aminociclopropano 1-carboxilato desaminasa, producción de ácido indolacético y sideróforos, tolerancia a NaCl (hasta 7.5%). Las temperaturas de 24 y 37 °C y humedad (50, 75 y 100%) no afectaron el desarrollo bacteriano. De los extractos libres de células obtenidos en diferentes fases de crecimiento, la mayor actividad antifungica sobre <em>S. cepivorum</em> se obtuvo con los extractos de la fase estacionaria (16 a 24 h de incubación). Por los atributos de estas rizobacterias podrían ser consideradas como una alternativa para el control de<em> S. cepivorum</em> en cebolla.
Rhizobacteria are microorganisms attached to the roots of plants that colonize the rhizosphere, there is a great diversity with beneficial effects on crop development and they used in biological control. In this study, the antagonistic effect of rhizobacteria as biocontrollers of Sclerotium cepivorum Berk fungus, which cause white onion rot in large economic losses, was determined. Soil samples collected from onion plants on the farm located in Santa Anita, municipality of Tlaquepaque, Jalisco; for isolation of rhizobacteria and S. cepivorum from infected white rot bulbs. Rhizobacteria that showed antagonism against the fungus, were selected 14 treatments formed with onion plants in conditions of humidity, temperature and photoperiod constant in growth chamber for 36 weeks. Growth promotion variables were evaluated and the data analyzed by ANOVA. Rhizobacteria showed an antagonistic effect against the fungus and stimulated fresh weight, root length, stem and bulb in onion plants. Therefore, this PGPR is an alternative as a biofertilizer potential, thus avoiding degradation and contamination of the soil and yield of product quality and profitability for the producer.
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