Astrocyte reactivity in the spinal cord may occur after peripheral neural damage. However, there is no data to report such reactivity after Achilles tendon injury. We investigate whether changes occur in the spinal cord, mechanical sensitivity and gait in two phases of repair after Achilles tendon injury. Wistar rats were divided into groups: control (CTRL, without rupture), 2 days post-injury (RUP2) and 21 days post-injury (RUP21). Functional and mechanical sensitivity tests were performed at 2 and 21 days post-injury (dpi). The spinal cords were processed, cryosectioned and activated astrocytes were immunostained by GFAP at 21 dpi. Astrocyte reactivity was observed in the L5 segment of the spinal cord with predominance in the white matter regions and decrease in the mechanical threshold of the ipsilateral paw only in RUP2. However, there was gait impairment in both RUP2 and RUP21. We conclude that during the acute phase of Achilles tendon repairment, there was astrocyte reactivity in the spinal cord and impairment of mechanical sensitivity and gait, whereas in the chronic phase only gait remains compromised.
RESUMOA doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma síndrome progressiva e neurodegenerativa, que se caracteriza pela morte dos neurônios dopaminérgicos na região do encéfalo chamada de substância negra que apresenta sintomas motores e cognitivos. No Brasil, estima-se que cerca de 200 mil pessoas sofram com o problema. Em pessoas com Parkinson há diminuição dos passos largos, moderada diminuição da velocidade de movimento e distúrbios associados na amplitude do movimento. Para o auxílio do tratamento da DP, o exercício físico traz afirmações para melhora da qualidade de vida. O treinamento de força (TF) além do ganho de força muscular, pode proporcionar ao paciente de DP, a melhora das capacidades funcionais, influenciando positivamente as funções de
Rupture of Achilles tendon is a common accident affecting professional and recreational athletes. Acute and chronic pains are symptoms commonly observed in ruptured patients. Despite that, no studies have described whether Achilles tendon rupture is able to promote disorders in CNS. Based in these finds, the current study aimed to evaluate nociceptive alterations and inflammatory response in L5 lumbar segment of Balb/c mice spinal cord after Achilles tendon rupture. We demonstrated increased algesic response in the paw of ruptured group on the 7th and 14th days post tenotomy when compared with control group. This phenomenon was accompanied by over expression of COX-2 and NOS-2 as well as hyperactivation of astrocytes and microglia in nociceptive areas of L5 spinal cord as evidenced by intense GFAP and IBA-1 immunostaining, respectively. Biochemical studies also demonstrated increased levels of nitrite in the L5 spinal cord of tenotomized animals when compared with control group. Thus, we have demonstrate for the first time that total rupture of the Achilles tendon induces inflammatory response, nitrergic and glial activation in the CNS at L5 spinal cord region.
RESUMOO objetivo desta revisão da literatura é investigar os efeitos do exercício físico em crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH). Para tanto, recorreu-se à revisão de literatura de ensaios clínicos randomizados ou não que analisaram os efeitos do exercício físico na sintomatologia, função executiva, habilidades motoras, cognitivas e sociais, publicados em periódicos indexados na base de dados do PubMed/Medline, LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS) publicados até 2019. Foram incluídos seis estudos nesta revisão, totalizando 208 participantes de 7 a 18 anos de idade. Os protocolos das intervenções variaram de 2 a 8 semanas,
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