A naphthylthioic-based emissive probe (M) bearing a hydroxyl and amine group was designed and synthesized via a one-step Schiff base reaction process.

A rich-in-amide receptors, acrylamide-N’phenylhydrazine carbothioamide-based fluorescent probe (MA) was synthesized via a simple and one-step procedure of Schiff base condensation reaction. The structure was characterized via spectroscopic methods of 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence methods. In addition, the bench-top applications on the detection of cations and anions, in DMSO, were carried out visually and spectroscopically. As a result, MA displayed colorimetric activities once anions or cations were added, observable by naked eye detectable colour changes. The probe turned out to discriminate cations such as Cu2+, Co2+, Fe3+ and Fe2+ via colour changes, which was complemented by the changes in UV-Vis titration spectra for each individual titration. Moreover, the addition of anions (F-, AcO-, CN- and OH-) to MA had colorimetric impacts observable by naked eyes, and complemented by spectral changes upon UV-Vis analysis. The probe was fluorometrically responsive to the addition of cations (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Fe2+) and anions (F-, AcO-, CN- and OH-), both in DMSO, which have all resulted in chelation-based fluorescence enhancement (CHEF), with Co2+ and AcO- complexes exhibiting high affinity of the host-guest species. Thus, MA proved to be a potential chromogenic-fluorogenic probe, which could be used in monitoring the presence of specific cations and anions, in aqueous soluble solvent of DMSO.

Petroleum diesel combustion is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG). It is also a major source of other air contaminants including NOx, SOx, CO and volatile organic compounds. Algae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for biodiesel production. In this study, a higher algae growth rate was observed in the experiments with excess Na 2 SiO 4 , trace metals, Na 2 EDTA and excess vitamin solution, the increase was above 300%. It was also observed that the experiment that was supplied with CO 2 (without simultaneous sunlight exposure) for one hour, for 25 days and the beaker with excess NaH 2 PO 4 solution, have shown a slower growth rate than the control. The results of the experiment on the effect of sunlight exposure for certain times daily for 25 days show that the growth rate is directly proportional to increase of sunlight exposure time (during the 90 min). The results of the experiment on the effect of simultaneous exposure to sunlight and CO 2 for certain times daily, for 25 days, show that the growth rate is directly proportional to the increase of sunlight and CO 2 exposure time.

A rich-in-amide receptors, acrylamide-N’phenylhydrazine carbothioamide-based fluorescent probe (MA) was synthesized via a simple and one-step procedure of Schiff base condensation reaction. The structure was characterized via spectroscopic methods of 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence methods. In addition, the bench-top applications on the detection of cations and anions, in DMSO, were carried out visually and spectroscopically. As a result, MA displayed colorimetric activities once anions or cations were added, observable by naked eye detectable colour changes. The probe turned out to discriminate cations such as Cu2+, Co2+, Fe3+ and Fe2+ via colour changes, which was complemented by the changes in UV-Vis titration spectra for each individual titration. Moreover, the addition of anions (F−, AcO−, CN− and OH−) to MA had colorimetric impacts observable by naked eyes, and complemented by spectral changes upon UV-Vis analysis. The probe was fluorometrically responsive to the addition of cations (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Fe2+) and anions (F−, AcO−, CN− and OH−), both in DMSO, which have all resulted in chelation-based fluorescence enhancement (CHEF), with Co2+ and AcO− complexes exhibiting high affinity of the host-guest species. Thus, MA proved to be a potential chromogenic-fluorogenic probe, which could be used in monitoring the presence of specific cations and anions, in aqueous soluble solvent of DMSO.

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