The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has great potential, being used as biostimulants, biofertilizers and bioprotection agents in agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, the application of AM fungal inoculants is still challenging due to the variability of results when applied in production systems. This variability is partly due to differences in symbiosis establishment. Reducing such variability and promoting symbiosis establishment is essential to improve the efficiency of the inoculants. In addition to strigolactones, flavonoids have been proposed to participate in the pre-symbiotic plant-AM fungus communication in the rhizosphere, although their role is still unclear. Here, we studied the specific function of flavonoids as signaling molecules in AM symbiosis. For that, both in vitro and in planta approaches were used to test the stimulatory effect of an array of different subclasses of flavonoids on Rhizophagus irregularis spore germination and symbiosis establishment, using physiological doses of the compounds. We show that the flavone chrysin and the flavonols quercetin and rutin were able to promote spore germination and root colonization at low doses, confirming their role as pre-symbiotic signaling molecules in AM symbiosis. The results pave the way to use these flavonoids in the formulation of AM fungal-based products to promote the symbiosis. This can improve the efficiency of commercial inoculants, and therefore, help to implement their use in sustainable agriculture.

The article offers a synthesis of Thomas Luckmann proposal about Communication and interaction in daily life. In this argumentative text, based on a methodology of theoretical revision, are identified and explained some of the fundamental elements of Luckmann work. The objectives of the work are: to expose theoretical and epistemological bases of the author; to explore some of the main concepts presented in the book Social Construction of Reality, such as interaction, intersubjectivity and symbolic universe; and to explain a less well-known theory of the author, the theory of the communicative genres that allows understanding the pragmatic vision of Luckmann around Communication in daily life. Luckmann puts the subject in the center of his proposal, and conceives it, before any other thing, like an individual in permanent bond and interaction with its resemblances; from these situations of interaction, the subjects construct the society and, simultaneously, they are constructed by it. The theory of the communicative genres can be compared to a sociology of Communication in daily life. Keywords: Thomas Luckmann. Interaction. Communication. Daily life. Knowledge.Luckmann: between the social constructionism and the phenomenological sociology T homas Luckmann's transcendence in the field of social thinking was given by the publication of La construcción social de la realidad (1967), and by completing the unfinished work of his master Alfred Schütz. In Las estructuras del mundo de la vida (1977), the authors present a theory of the world

A comunicação-instrução binomial constitui um espaço da reflexão que concerne a diversos profissionais e cientistas sociais, especialmente aos comunicólogos e aos comunicadores, na uma mão, e aos pedagogos, professores educacionais e, pelo outro. A maioria da produção científica sobre esta vem do espaço da investigação pedagógica e educativa; não obstante, são mais e mais as contribuições que são feitas das ciências da comunicação. Este artigo tem como a intenção refletir momentaneamente em torno das bases teóricas e conceituais e, a pouca extensão, metodológicas, que podem contribuir ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento em torno do campo da comunicação educativa, especialmente da abordagem dos processos da interação que ocorrem em arredores educativos.

Este artículo pretende abrir la reflexión en torno de las múltiples posibilidades que ofrece el abordaje de la ciudad desde las ciencias de la comunicación. En un primer momento se presenta la propuesta conceptual de la comunicología, y sus primeras articulaciones con la ciudad. Posteriormente, se establecen algunas de las principales características de la ciudad y “lo urbano” como objetos de estudio, con especial énfasis en las aportaciones de las ciencias de la comunicación, que impulsan el abordaje de la ciudad como sistema de comunicación y como construcción mediática.