Objective: to know the social and health responses for the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: An integrative literature review. Results: There is a lack of specialized health care to meet the real needs of the elderly, and the shortage of health professionals does not contribute favorably to this situation. There is a small number of facilities for the elderly and most of them are inadequate. Although there are models of care as well as social and health support policies for the elderly, there are still inequities/inequalities in access to these policies, especially for the most disadvantaged populations. Conclusion: Social and health policies for the elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa are below standard and appropriate economic, political and social intervention is required.
Introduction: Ventilator weaning has been frequently addressed by the international scientific community, observing different types of approach, which leads to a disparity in the results obtained in the various studies and in the systematization and/or standardization of procedures, at this crucial moment, for the person in critical care units. With scientific progress, several experimental studies have been conducted that document this need, and there are few secondary studies that add to these conclusions. Objective: The bibliometric analysis designed in this document aims to analyse the behaviour of scientific publications in the context of ventilator weaning, dissecting trends and highlighting research opportunities. Methods: Protocol of a mixed methods study that will include quantitative and qualitative studies. In addition to primary studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses will also be considered. As there is no specific methodological framework for bibliometric analysis protocols, it is important to mention that the study will follow the guidelines of DONTU et al (2021) in the quantitative phase of the research and will follow the guidelines of BHANDARI (2022) in the qualitative phase of the research. The research will include Web of Science (Clarivate) indexed studies, as a database that presents tools that allow gathering bibliometric indicators that can be analysed in specific software (Sitescape and VOSViewer), and that will allow defining the evolution, over time, of scientific production and which are the most relevant studies in this conceptual area. MAXQDA software will allow the qualitative analysis of the articles included (studies published since 2015) and will determine: the methodological trends in this line of investigation; the contributions of the development of this procedure to clinical practice in intensive care; limitations pointed out by the selected studies; and the future perspectives envisioned by their authors. The results will be presented in graphical, tabular and narrative format.
Introduction: Humour being a widely studied concept, still hasn’t reach consensus in the scientific community. Analysing this concept becomes paramount for a subsequent inclusion in the Nursing Process, competing to improve the quality of care provided. Objectives: To develop a range analysis protocol proposing the mapping of the studies conducted in the context of humor in the field of health care. Methods: This protocol has been structured according to the methodology defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). For the construction of the research guiding question, the PCC strategy was adopted: adult people (Population), concept of humor (Concept), health care (Context). The sample will consist of studies that address any of the characteristics inherent in humor, understood as antecedents, attributes, and consequences, regardless of the health context in which they are developed. This research will not be limited in temporal or linguistic terms. Considerable research in online databases (7) will be integrated by bibliographical research. We will also use databases for research grey literature as well consulting aspects in the field of humor to collaborate in the research. Results: The data will be presented in tabular and narrative form. Conclusion: The protocol development allows an understanding of the humor concept in health care, however it is a scoping review which provide a breath but not deep knowledge about humor as topic. Despite this, it is suitable for the definition of a nursing diagnosis.
Introduction: Humour being a widely studied concept, still hasn’t reach consensus in the scientific community. Analysing this concept becomes paramount for a subsequent inclusion in the Nursing Process, competing to improve the quality of care provided. Objectives: To develop a range analysis protocol proposing the mapping of the studies conducted in the context of humor in the field of health care. Methods: This protocol has been structured according to the methodology defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). For the construction of the research guiding question, the PCC strategy was adopted: adult people (Population), concept of humor (Concept), health care (Context). The sample will consist of studies that address any of the characteristics inherent in humor, understood as antecedents, attributes, and consequences, regardless of the health context in which they are developed. This research will not be limited in temporal or linguistic terms. Considerable research in online databases (7) will be integrated by bibliographical research. We will also use databases for research grey literature as well consulting aspects in the field of humor to collaborate in the research. Results: The data will be presented in tabular and narrative form. Conclusion: The protocol development allows an understanding of the humor concept in health care, however it is a scoping review which provide a breath but not deep knowledge about humor as topic. Despite this, it is suitable for the definition of a nursing diagnosis.
Background: Pressure ulcers (PU) are common in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Many factors contribute to this which include the patient´s status and the characteristics and type of the treatment applied in this level of care1-3. In Angola, a low-middle-income country, the study of this topic is still incipient, which makes it relevant to know whether the Braden scale score differs significantly in different groups of critical care patient. De Alirio Martinho Belchior para Todos: 10:40 AM Aims: To determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the risk of developing pressure ulcers, and the groups of patients sorted by the severity of their disease, organ function/ rate of failure and type of the treatment applied in the ICU. On this behalf the following variables were established: patients treated with sedatives, vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis; Braden Scale average score, the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score, the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score and the duration of hospitalization (days) in ICU. Methods: An observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study with a quantitative nature was developed in an ICU ward in a hospital in Angola. Results: The sample was composed of 123 patients; the average value of the Braden scale was 14.15 points. Patients being treated with sedatives showed statistically significant difference in the average Braden scale score compared to those who did not. This difference was also verified in relation to the patients who were treated with vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. Negative, moderate to weak, but statistically significant correlations were found between the Braden scale score and the APACHE score, SOFA score and duration of ICU stay. De Alirio Martinho Belchior para Todos: 10:40 AM Conclusion: The patients have a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers when exposed to risk factors that are already known and specifically associated with some treatments implemented in the ICU. Higher rates of disease severity, mortality risk and longer duration of stay in ICU are associated with a higher risk of PU.
Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento reveste-se de particularidades nas quais o senso de humor parece interferir. Objetivo: Mapear a produção científica sobre os fatores associados ao senso de humor enquanto resposta humana e os seus efeitos nas pessoas idosas. Método: Revisão de escopo alargada segundo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, sem espectro temporal definido nas plataformas Scopus, Web Of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, B-ON e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Foram identificados 228 artigos e incluídos 18 destes. Foi encontrada informação sobre o senso de humor relacionado com a longevidade; a mortalidade; o bem-estar; a saúde; a depressão; a ansiedade; a satisfação com a vida; as relações interpessoais; a qualidade de vida; o enfrentamento; a personalidade; e o gênero. Considerações Finais: O senso de humor é um fenômeno que carece de aprofundamento conceitual. Da análise dos temas emergentes identificados evidencia-se que estes se relacionam entre si e com o senso de humor. Revisão registada na plataforma Open Science Framework (OSF) com o código osf.io/acm89.
Adenosine is elevated in the tumor microenvironment and plays a critical role in suppressing T-cell function through high-affinity interaction with the A2a receptor. Genetic deficiency of A2a in mice is associated with enhanced cytotoxic responses and reduced tumor burden in syngeneic models. These effects are mimicked by small-molecule A2a antagonists and some of these compounds are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors, particularly in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. However, high levels of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment may pose a challenge for the development of A2a antagonists unless they possess the appropriate pharmaceutical profile. A series of potent antagonists were identified that displayed sub-nanomolar binding activity and selectivity over other adenosine receptors. Within this series, compounds were identified that maintained activity across a broad range of adenosine concentrations. These compounds behaved as insurmountable antagonists in a functional assay utilizing CHO cells expressing human recombinant A2a and displayed slow dissociation kinetics in a FRET-based receptor-binding assay. This series is exemplified by ARX1598, which had a Ki of 0.08nM in the A2a receptor-binding assay and an estimated KB of 0.06 nM in the recombinant cell-based assay. Schild analysis revealed that this compound behaved as an insurmountable antagonist and had a markedly slower off-rate than comparator competitive antagonists. The adenosine receptor agonist NECA suppressed cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28. ARX1598 prevented NECA-mediated suppression of cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (EC50= 6 nM) and prevented elevation of pCREB induced by high concentrations of NECA (3μM) in human whole blood (IC50=22nM). The potency of ARX1598 in the human whole blood assay was 50-100 times higher than comparator compounds currently being evaluated in cancer trials. These data illustrate that it is possible to identify potent compounds that have the potential to modulate the adenosine pathway in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Roy Pettipher, Jonathan White, Viral Patel, Ben Moulton, Soraya Pores, Marta Assuncao, Karolina Gherbi, K. Sengmany, Elisabeth Rosethorne, Peter Finan, Steven Charlton, Clive McCarthy. Identification of potent, insurmountable A2a antagonists for modulation of the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A94.
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