The early 20th century saw the beginning of a process of urbanizing rural space (Berry, 1976a;1976b), described as counter-urbanization (Champion, 1989). The creation of Protected Natural Areas (PNAs) has defined some rural spaces, relatively far from large urban metropolitan areas, where the ecological and scenic value is a magnet for urbanization (Prados, 2005). Thus, PNAs make rural areas more attractive to new economic and leisure activities and can promote a more positive type of development that has been called naturbanization (Prados, 2009). We address this topic in six sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Conceptual framework of naturbanization; (3) Methodology to analyse the process of naturbanization; (4) Processes of naturbanization in Andalusia and in Catalonia; (5) Comparative analysis of two case studies, and (6) Conclusions and Recommendations.Resumen: Se ha desarrollado un proceso de urbanización del espacio rural desde principios del siglo XX (Berry, 1976a; 1976b) descrito como la "counterurbanización" (Champion, 1989). La creación de los espacios naturales protegidos (ENP) ha delimitado unos espacios rurales, relativamente alejados de las grandes conurbaciones urbanas, donde la valoración ecológica y paisajística genera, en algunos casos, una atracción urbanizadora (Prados, 2005). De este modo, los ENP hacen más atractivo al espacio rural y promueven la naturbanización (Prados, 2009). En esta presentación trataremos el tema en seis apartados: (i) Introducción (ii) El marco conceptual de la naturbanización; (iii) La metodología para analizar la naturbanización; (iv) Los procesos de naturbanización en Andalucía y en Cataluña;
Abstract:The study compares the on-going naturbanization processes in and around two Natural Parks under the impact of newcomers, but also tourists from Barcelona and Bucharest and their metropolitan areas. The landscape value of these areas attracts the urban population, which contributes to local sustainable development process but also promotes construction. New businesses associated with rural multifunctionality and value-added activities related to environmental quality were identified. New residents have contributed introducing responsible patterns of consumer, ecoentrepreneurship by women, recovery of abandoned buildings and intensification of rural-urban relationships. Negative impacts such as intensive construction of second homes, with a lower use, in some areas around Cadí-Moixeró threaten biodiversity and habitat connectivity. Insufficient integration of environmental policies, particularly in the Comana wetlands, reduces the potential for rural renewal. Research methods included a review of the counterurbanization literature and the statistical data related to processes of naturbanization in both areas, along with the conduct of 30 structured interviews with key local actors in each area. Naturbanization still offers the potential to enhance local development; however, it is urgent to assess social perspectives in natural parks management in order to achieve environmentally friendly built-up areas.Key words: Built-up areas, Cadí-Moixeró NP, Comana NP, Naturbanization, Quality landscape, Barcelona, Bucharest.Abstract: Naturbanizarea poate promova zone rezidențiale compatibile cu mediul înconjurător? O comparație între parcurile naturale Cadí-Moixeró (Catalonia, Spain) și Comana (Romania). Acest studiu compară procesul de naturbanizare în două parcuri naturale sub impactul noilor veniți dar și a turiștilor din Barcelona și București și zonele metropolitane ale acestora. Peisajul acestor zone atrage populația urbană, care contribuie la dezvoltarea locală sustenabilă dar și la apariția de noi construcții. Noile activități economice sunt asociate cu multifuncționalitatea rurală și cu valoarea adăugată relaționată cu calitatea mediului. Noii rezidenți au contribuit prin introducerea unor modele de consum responsabil, integrarea femeilor antreprenor, reconversia clădirilor abandonate și intensificarea relațiilor urban-rural. Efectele negative precum construcția reședințelor secundare (multe dintre acestea vacante) în anumite zone din jurul parcului natural Cadí-Moixeró, amenință biodiversitatea și conectivitatea habitatelor. Insuficienta integrare a politicilor de mediu, mai ales în parcul natural Comana, reduc potențialul reînnoirii rurale printr-o abordare integrată. Metodele de cercetare includ o prezentare a literaturii referitoare la procesul de contraurbanizare și a datelor statistice relaționate procesului de naturbanizare în ambele arii, împreună cu rezultatele a 30 de interviuri structurate aplicate în fiecare zonă unor actori cheie. Naturbanizarea prezintă potențial pentru a stimula dezvoltarea l...
The paper evaluates the rural development (RD) contribution of local economic activities (LEAs), whether generated or affected by the proximity of renewable energy plants (REPs). The study also informs about LEAs’ role as co-players in the fight against climate change. Semi-structured research interviews have been applied to identify LEAs’ BM (business model) in Andalusia, Murcia, and Catalonia, autonomous communities of Spain. Most LEAs present a BM based on the RE plant, and others do not, but they still contribute to RD, rural communities’ well-being and global sustainability. Results show, first, that certain LEAs, due to their inter-connection with large REPs, can innovate and create a significant number of stable jobs. Second, land leasing to REPs allows for temporary farms’ diversification, which is conditioned to its bargaining power. Third, advice on integration RE projects in RD strategies should be provided. Conclusions suggest the need for new governance to favor energy transition coherent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The value and resources of the landscape and heritage of the Pyrenees, conserved in Natural Conservation Areas, have not been included in local social/economic development. The necessary policies and transverse working methods have not taken on board the benefits of these natural, protected areas on local, economic development. In some parts of the Pyrenees like Alt Urgell county the process of naturbanisation is just beginning. There is a great opportunity to put the brakes on uncontrolled urban development. At the same time, the potential to exploit the heritage and resources of the Pyrenees still exists. Therefore, the research defences that Natural Reserved Areas can act as a driving force to articulate a quality label of landscape, heritage and territory in peripheral areas like West Catalan Pyrenees. At the same time, by through promotion of Natural Reserved Areas a multi-organisational project of local development can be build. In the framework of rural-urban dynamics in a global context, the paper explains how the values of landscape and heritage in the mountain areas can be an opportunity to put into practice integrated territorial policies applying transversal methodologies among actors, institutions and private sector. At the same time, local development projects would priories young people and women support as one of the sector more likely to innovate and to maintain social and human capital in peripheral areas. A cooperation and collaboration practices are needed to create new economic activities with the participation of local actors. This paper puts forward suggestions for action to be taken.
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