This article explores the ongoing green transition in the energy sector in EU countries. The greening process is brought about by the growth of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) sector and Green Jobs (GJ). The goal of this paper is to find out how certain factors in the RES sector affect the creation of GJ. This study uses Quantile Regression for Panel Data (QRPD), a method that addresses fixed effects. Based on secondary data from Eurostat and EurObserv’ER reports, the model was made for the EU27 countries for the years 2013–2020. The impact of the adopted variables on GJ generation is heterogeneous. Significantly, the volume of turnover in the RES, across the entire studied cross-section, influences the increase in GJ number. It is also observed that, in the case of economy-wide R&D expenditure, a negative impact on GJ creation is observed. In contrast, interestingly, in the case of R&D expenditure in the business sector, a positive effect on GJ formation is noted. A possible direction for research into the topic of GJ in the RES should be qualitative research, which could provide additional information regarding, for example, the degree of the greening of such jobs.
The article considers the usefulness of factoring as a short-term instrument allowing enterprises to finance their activities. Suppliers choosing factoring can offer buyers extended debt payment periods, improve their liquidity, as well as gaining access to additional services offered by factors. This analysis focuses on the benefits, usefulness and weaknesses of factoring, including the business effects of this facility and the prospects of its development. An attempt is made to demonstrate that factoring has a great potential for growth as a source of short-term funding for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Two methods are used to this end: a review of the pertinent Polish and foreign literature including research articles, and a questionnaire survey of 20 SMEs with relevant experience in using this facility. The analysis of the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of factoring shows that in the period 2010–2014 in which market instabilities were observed factoring was a useful and frequently employed means of short-term funding.
Przeobrażenia demograficzne wymuszają na starzejącym się społeczeństwie polskim poszukiwania alternatywnych sposobów oszczędzania na starość. W artykule wykazano problem wyzwań społeczno-ekonomicznych posiłkując się przykładem odwróconej hipoteki jako uzupełnienia świadczeń emerytalnych.
Misselling jako nadużywanie zaufania klienta na rynku finansowym Misselling as an abuse of customer trust in the financial market The amendment to the act on competition and consumer protection, in force since 17 April 2016, introduced a ban on the so-called 'misselling' as a new type of practice that violates collective consumer interests. The sale of products that are not suited to the needs of clients is a frequent reason for complaints to courts and institutions of consumer protection. Thus, it has a negative impact on clients' trust in financial market entities, because it exposes them to unnecessary risk and generates additional service costs. The financial services market is a type of market that has a significant impact on its customers. The source of threats may be the fact that financial institutions operate in an area of increased risk with a relatively low share of equity, and also, they rely on the funds entrusted to them by clients. The aim of this paper is to identify the phenomenon of misselling, explain the reasons for which it is undesirable from the point of view of consumer protection, and present solutions for its reduction. The paper is based on a review, analysis, and synthesis of selected publications (domestic and foreign) which are important from the point of view of the topic. Moreover, the paper includes an analysis of secondary data from official documents and reports of financial market entities.
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