This study quantifies the influence of body size, sex, age and birth year (secular changes) on the 3D rugose surface area of the biceps brachii attachment site in a sample of 85 White individuals from the Robert J. Terry Collection. Entheseal surface areas were collected using a NextEngine ™ 3D scanner. Several osteometric measurements of the upper limb were used in the initial analysis to determine which were most suitable for use as a body size proxy. In general, articular dimensions correlate more strongly with biceps entheseal surface area than long bone lengths. The distal articular breadth of the humerus shows the strongest correlation with biceps surface area for men (n = 48, r = 0.504) and women (n = 37, r = 0.646). Men are larger bodied and have larger entheseal surface areas; however, women have larger biceps entheses relative to body size. Although the study sample was limited to individuals between the ages 30 and 49 years, age at death still explains approximately 8% of the variation in enthesis size for women (r = 0.284). Men are unequally distributed by age across birth years, and the results for age and secular change are ambiguous because their effects cannot be separated. Birth year explains about 30% of the variation in female rugose entheseal surface area (r = −0.552). Age and birth year together explain about 34% of the variation in enthesis size for men. Overall, body size is the single most significant variable for both men and women, while the combined effects of age and secular change present a nearly equivalent influence on 3D surface area of the biceps brachii enthesis in this 20th century American sample. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Se analiza la relación entre el conflicto interparental, las relaciones entre padres-hijos y el impacto emocional en estos últimos. A través de un diseño transversal se ha encuestado a 655 adolescentes (374 chicas y 281 chicos). Para la valoración de las variables de interés se ha utilizado una batería de cuestionarios que comprende los siguientes: la Escala de Percepción de los Hijos del Conflicto Interparental (CPIC), el inventario para los Hijos del Comportamiento Parental (CRPBI), y la Escala de Psicopatología Infanto-juvenil (YSR). Se han utilizado correlaciones de Pearson para explorar las asociaciones entre las variables y utilizado un modelo de regresión jerárquica para determinar las variables predictivas del impacto emocional en los hijos. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas (p <.01) entre las variables implicadas con efectos entre valores de 0.30 y 0.46. El modelo de regresión jerárquica explicó el 33% de la varianza y comopredictores principales del estado emocional de los hijos la percepción del conflicto (correlación semiparcial rs-p = 0.33) y la hostilidad de la madre (rs-p =.19). Los resultados obtenidos permiten corroborar la hipótesis planteada en este estudio, dado que la percepción por parte de los hijos de un mayor grado de conflicto interparental y un estilo de comportamiento hostil por parte de la madre para con el hijo muestran asociación estadísticamente significativa con el malestar emocional de este último.
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