Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important part of the economy of every country. These enterprises operate in a highly competitive environment and are especially exposed to rapid changes in the business environment. Therefore, one of the most important issues which they face is effective business planning (BP), especially in relation to the projects which they carry out. This is because business planning provides an opportunity to take the risks inherent in the activities of an enterprise into account and providing coordination of the production and economic processes. Given these facts, our study analyses the process of business planning administration in small enterprises. Its main aim is to develop methodological recommendations for the administration of business planning processes through the utilization of innovative tools. It should simplify the business planning of projects and make it more relevant and effective. The administration of business planning is presented as a complex process which is modelled with the utilization of a roadmapping approach. We suggest using the business canvas as one of the milestones of the model, which is especially suitable for the visualization of future business plans. A single case study analysis based on the private company Gal-Exim PC and its innovation project planning was chosen as the research method. The company's core business and main innovation projects are in sphere of commercial real estate operations. Our analysis confirmed that the proposed model may be regarded as an effective instrument of BP in small enterprises. It has a universal nature and therefore may be utilized in other companies as well. Implications for Central European audience: Our study is based on the most modern world trends and practical research in sphere of business planning. The proposed model has a universal nature and may be easily implemented in any European small or mediumsized companies. The proposed roadmap of business planning administration includes instruments which are accessible and may be used by companies regardless of the region. We deliberately based our analysis on the company which provides a variety of innovative projects with utilization of European and world trends in sphere of commercial real estate operations, thus we assume that the suggested study may make a positive contribution to the Central European business environment generally.
The Heckscher – Ohlin – Samuelson model provides a mathematical proof of the possibility of equalizing the relative and absolute prices for production factors in international trade with certain assumptions. However, in practice, these assumptions are not followed. Therefore, there is a need to adjust the parameters of the model by calculating the indicators of cost estimation and the use of production factors. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to generalize the theoretical provisions of the Heckscher – Ohlin – Samuelson model in order to find the possibilities of its application in the conditions of the post- war economic recovery of Ukraine. The main research methods were theoretical generalization, economic and statistical analysis, multivariate linear regression. In the process of the research, several partial tasks were performed: 1) systematizing the views of scientists regarding methods of adjusting the parameters of the Heckscher – Ohlin –Samuelson model; the existence of a statistical relationship between the factor saturation of the economies of individual countries with the indicators of their foreign trade and changes in the prices of production factors; recommendations for the application of the Heckscher – Ohlin – Samuelson model in the conditions of the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine. A comparison of the volumes of available labor and capital investment were made for 2020. And it proves that industrialized countries are excessively capital-saturated, but the calculation of K/L ratios still does not explain the structure of their international trade. At the same time, for some relatively developed countries, including Ukraine, the K/L ratio is “paradoxical”. The results of the regression analysis of production factors and foreign trade indicators of 30 countries, of the largest volume of capital investments, prove the existence of a relatively close connection of K/L ratios with indicators of export-import and their growth, in condition of the involving of correction coefficients into the basic Heckscher – Ohlin – Samuelson model. The main condition for applying the tools of the Heckscher – Ohlin – Samuelson model in modern practice is the mitigation of its assumptions regarding the homogeneity of production factors, their full use, and the limitation of their international mobility. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the identity of the measurement parameters of production factors in different statistical systems, taking into account the time factor and exchange rate differences. The practical significance of the study is that in the conditions of the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine, most of the assumptions of the Heckscher – Ohlin – Samuelson model are nullified. Its explained by situation that state will have to introduce strict restrictions on the movement of production factors and international trade for some time. This allows to form real statistics on the use of production factors and, on its basis, to carry out programming of Ukraine's international trade.
Розглянуто сутність та значення вендингу, а також наведено світові тенденції розвитку цього сегмента ринку. Проаналізовано актуальність вендингового стартапу на вітчизняному ринку та наведено основні сегменти вендингу в Україні. Розглянуто основні переваги при впровадженні такого стартапу для підприємця. Наведено бар'єри входу на ринок і виділено приблизний розмір необхідного стартового капіталу. Детально проаналізовано асортимент торгових автоматів та їхню цінову політику, а також виділено формулу для розрахунку терміну окупності вендингового стартапу. Наведено потрібні етапи впровадження вендингового бізнесу. Також розглянуто можливі небезпеки, які можуть виникнути у ході експлуатації вендорів. Ключові слова: вендинг; вендор; вендинговий бізнес; торговий автомат; вендинговий автомат; прибуток; термін окупності.
The paper examines the main types of intellectual property rights, which might be violated in the media space (Internet, radio, TV, press). In today's world, the media has long been a major source of information. As the amount of information in the media increases, so does the amount of intellectual property involved. The most fundamental form of intellectual property protection technology is the control of access to information (ie determining whether the requester is allowed access to information). However, the existing access control offers only part of what is needed to work with intellectual property. So, it is not always protected at the legislative level, and the context in which it is used often does not benefit the owner. The intellectual property right infringement requires deep analyzes of the current situation, exploring and offering concrete solutions for each particular kind of infringements. Thus, the aim of the work is to study, analyze and identify problems of infringement of intellectual property rights in the media space, ways to prevent and combat them. The ways of offenses prevention are widely describe in the paper. Possible infringements of intellectual property objects on the Internet, on television and radio are analyzed in the paper; the legislative basis for protection of intellectual property rights and statistics in cyber attacks in 2020 in the world are deeply analyzed. The methods of protection of intellectual property rights of various types, including, such as coding of websites, a watermark and others are ofefred. The activity plan based on process of registration of the intellectual property right and solution of problems with infringers are investigated and offered in the paper. The importance of media impact in the sphere of intellectual property is described on the example of presidential campaign in USA. Recommendations for: identifying the need to protect intellectual property, improvement of existing administrative measures for the development and protection of intellectual property are investigated in the paper and are of practical value.
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