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Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting plant productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected halotolerant plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs, Pseudomonas stutzeri ISE12 and Kushneria marisflavi CSE9) on the growth parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivated under salt stress conditions. A negative effect of two higher tested salinities (150 and 300 mM NaCl) was observed on the growth parameters of all investigated plants, including germination percentage and index (decreasing compared to the non-saline control variant in the ranges 5.3–91.7 and 13.6–90.9%, respectively), number of leaves (2.2–39.2%), fresh weight (24.2–81.6%); however, differences in salt stress tolerance among the investigated crops were observed (H. annuus > H. vulgare > L. sativa). Our data showed that the most crucial traits affected by endophyte inoculation under salt stress were chlorophyll concentration, leaf development, water storage, root development, and biomass accumulation. Thus, the influence of endophytes was species specific. K. marisflavi CSE9 promoted the growth of all tested plant species and could be considered a universal PGPEs for many plant genotypes cultivated under saline conditions (e.g., increasing of fresh weight compared to the non-inoculated control variant of barley, lettuce, and sunflower in the ranges 11.4–246.8, 118.9–201.2, and 16.4–77.7%, respectively). P. stutzeri ISE12 stimulated growth and mitigated salinity stress only in the case of barley. Bioaugmentation of crops with halotolerant bacterial strains can alleviate salt stress and promote plant growth; however, the selection of compatible strains and the verification of universal plant stress indicators are the key factors.

The Ageing experience and increased longevity presents innovation opportunity for emergent technology, e.g., mobile and wearable. In turn, these technologies can enhance quality of life and independence as we age; however, they can also increase social inequalities and exclusion. The Covid-19 pandemic affected how we interact, communicate engage and interact with people and also technologies. Peopleacross the generations were impacted and disrupted, motivating new behaviours in how they conducted everyday tasks and activities. Co-Design approaches have previously revealed successful collaborations between older adults, students, researchers, designers and other disciplines as a means to define unmet needs. Edinburgh Napier University provided funding to the PI (Principal Investigator) as a means to mobilise a 'Creative Cross-Education Team' (CCET) consisting of undergraduate students, research assistants (post-graduate researchers) and other staff colleagues of the University. The CCET worked with members from 'Tap into IT' (a local charity based in Edinburgh with a remit and focus on enhancing and enabling digital technology access for older adults). Two Co-Design workshops were conducted online titled 'Express' & 'Create.' The aim of these workshops was to explore, identify and define unmet needs/gaps expressed by older adult participants as a catalyst to create and generate future conceptual technology opportunities. The workshops were framed around Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). The team were broken into groups whereby they were encouraged to collectively collaborate, Express and Create with the participants. This multi-generational and transdisciplinary approach created a democratized outlook where each contributor added value through expression, commentary and creativity. The findings have generated themes which are the basis for new opportunity through education and research with a focus on future technology opportunities.

The comparison was performed on the flora of lawns located in the vicinity of three brine concentration towers in the Spa Park in the town of Ciechocinek. It was found that a different level of saline water inflow into the soil and a different use of these lawns are the main causes of the observed differences in the number and the species composition of halophytes and glycophytes. The possibility of determining the differences in the intensity of human impact on the studied systems was discussed, as well as the value of the Environmental Sustainability Index was determined through emergy analysis. Energy flow diagrams were prepared for two basic greenery management methods and salt production, which best differentiates the flora of the studied lawns.

The comparison was performed on the flora of lawns located in the vicinity of three brine concentration towers in the Spa Park in the town of Ciechocinek. It was found that a different level of saline water inflow into the soil and a different use of these lawns are the main causes of the observed differences in the number and the species composition of halophytes and glycophytes. The possibility of determining the differences in the intensity of human impact on the studied systems was discussed, as well as the value of the Environmental Sustainability Index was determined through emergy analysis. Energy flow diagrams were prepared for two basic greenery management methods and salt production, which best differentiates the flora of the studied lawns.