IntroducciónE n el mundo, 2 millones de niños estaban infectados por el virus de la inmunodefi ciencia humana en el año 2008; aproximadamente 45% de las nuevas infecciones ocurrieron en personas jóvenes entre 15 y 24 años 1 . Sin tratamiento específi co, la mitad de los niños con exposición prenatal fallecen en los primeros años de la vida. Al igual que en el adulto, el tratamiento en las edades pediátricas ha experimentado notables cambios en los últimos años hacia una intervención más precoz y con terapias combinadas más potentes [2][3][4][5][6] . El tratamiento anti-retroviral (TARV) ha supuesto un cambio radical en la evolución de los niños infectados por el VIH, transformando la evolución, de ser una enfermedad mortal a corto plazo, en una elevada proporción de casos, a seguir una evolución crónica. Por lo que en la actualidad se plantean nuevos retos frente a la infección por el virus y las complicaciones asociadas a la terapéutica.El Programa de Prevención y Control del VIH/SIDA en Cuba incorporó desde el año 1986 medidas profi lácticas Evaluación neuropsicológica, factores psicosociales y co-morbilidad psiquiátrica en pacientes pediátricos infectados con el VIH Marta Castro P., Yaquelin Martínez V., Ida González N., Juana Velásquez A., Gladys Castillo I. y Lizet Sánchez V.Neuropsychological evaluation, psychosocial factors, and psychiatric comorbidity of children with HIV infection Antiretroviral therapy has marked a change in the course of HIV infection, posing new challenges to improve quality of life in pediatric patients. Objective: The goal of this paper was to identify psychosocial aspects of HIV-infected children and adolescents, and to evaluate their neuropsychological development and psychiatric comorbidity. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted, evaluating the neurocognitive performance of patients attending at the Pediatric Department of Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí of La Habana, Cuba, between February and July of 2008. For that purpose, interviews to the patients and their relatives were done with the application of appropriate tests for each age. Results: Twenty-three patients ages 3-17 years (57% female) were studied. Sixteen (69.5%) were infected through vertical transmission, and 7 (30.5%) through other routes. School children infected through vertical transmission showed the most symptoms. Hyperactivity, anxiety, and learning disorders were the most frequently observed symptoms as well as hyperkinetic disorders, temporary tic disorders and mental retardation. Conclusion: This study shows the neuropsychological characterization of HIV-positive children and adolescents, considering the route of acquisition of the infection and the stage of the disease. It also describes psychiatric comorbidity of HIV-infected children.Key words: HIV/AIDS, psychosocial, neuropsychological disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, family, Cuba. Palabras clave: VIH, síndrome de inmunodefi ciencia humana, psicosocial, trastornos neuropsicológicos, comorbilidad psiquiátrica, Cuba. Mart...
Children and teenagers with intellectual disability are a complex issue within the society and for the medical practice. Determining the more frequent forms of abuse, it's behaving in this particular population, and to evaluate the possible relationship between juvenile abuse and psychiatric comorbidities were the main objectives in this investigation. 99 people with intellectual disability between 5 and 17 year old from three different communities (Felicia, Cocosol and Belen) located at Marianao municipality were selected by monoetapic conglomerate and studied fi rstly trough an analytic study with transversal cut seconded by a differentiated intervention according with the results. Taking into account the sociopsychiatric history, the psychiatric examination, using strictest observational techniques of the patient at home and the school, and applying the tools for diagnosis of infant abuse in this people, we concluded that juvenile abuse was a serious health problem in the studied population: negligence and carelessness the main types. The relationship between infant abuse and psychiatric co-morbities was demonstrated.
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