3D-printed models help to transfer complex anatomical information to clinicians, resulting useful in the pre-operative planning, for intra-operative navigation and for surgical training purposes.

Three-dimensional printing is helpful in understanding complex anatomy for educational purposes at all levels. Cost and working time to produce good quality objects are still considerable.

Background: Evidence for limiting the extent of surgery in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer is lacking. Methods: A systematic search was performed according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines to assess the effect of total thyroidectomy (TT) with or without radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment versus hemithyroidectomy (HT) on recurrence and overall mortality in patients with differentiated (papillary or follicular) T1-2 N0 thyroid cancer. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched, and two authors independently assessed the articles. Results: A total of ten eligible articles were identified. All were observational cohort series, representing a total of 23 134 patients, of which 17 699 were available for meta-analysis. Six studies included patients who had TT followed by RAI treatment. The pooled recurrence rate after TT ± RAI and HT was 2⋅3 and 2⋅8 per cent respectively (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅12, 95 per cent c.i. 0⋅82 to 1⋅53; P = 0⋅48). The pooled 20-year overall survival rate after TT ± RAI was 96⋅8 per cent, compared with 97⋅4 per cent for HT (OR 1⋅30, 0⋅71 to 2⋅37; P = 0⋅40). Overall, higher complication rates were found in the TT ± RAI group. Conclusion: Recurrence rates after HT for treatment of well differentiated T1-2 N0 thyroid cancer were similar to those after TT ± RAI, with a lower incidence of treatment-related complications.

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