This paper presents a critical review of the multidisciplinary work done on energy poverty in developing regions, a topic that presents remarkable differences with energy poverty in OECD countries. These efforts have resulted in the establishment of strategies to fight against energy poverty and to expand basic energy supplies (to leave no one behind, LNOB, one of the central statements on the Sustainable Development Agenda), in developing regions. Alongside they have produced the proposal of different indicators to characterize energy poor households and their problems. These broad topics, currently in the spotlight, are linked with other long-term lines of research, such as the design and implementation of alternative technological solutions for sustainable and affordable energy supply or (as a part of the discussion on the concept of development) the conceptual identification of capabilities, needs and rights that are energy related. We discuss the different lines of work and the interactions of the different aspects.
The article below was prepared by Museum entirely on the basis of contributions requested from Marta Arjona, Director of the Cultural Heritage, Cuba; Frances Kay Brinkley, a volunteer museologist in the eastern Caribbean; Fernanda de Camargo‐Moro, Director‐General of Museums, State of Rio de Janeiro; Roderick C. Ebanks, Director of the Museums and Archaeological Division, Institute of Jamaica; Manuel Espinoza, Director of the National Art Gallery, Caracas, Venezuela; Felipe Lacouture, Director of the National Museum of History, Mexico City; Luis G. Lumbreras, archaeologist and former Director of the National Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, Lima, Peru; Aloisio Magalhaes, Secretary of State for Culture, Brazil; and Grete Mostny, Director of the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago de Chile. The various contributions were sent to the UNDP/Unesco Regional Project for the Cultural Heritage at Lima, Peru, where Miss Juana Truel, a linguist and specialist in comparative literature associated with the project, prepared an initial synthesis. The contributing authors have been in the forefront of the museum movement in Latin America and the Caribbean; many of them are already well known to professional colleagues. Because of the role they play today—whether locally, regionally or internationally—in museum curatorship, management and exchange or in the formulation and execution of national heritage protection policies, Museum asked each of these specialists to send us a few pages on the ‘state of the art’ on the Latin American and Caribbean museum scene. In view of the forthcoming World Conference on Cultural Policies (Mexico City, 26 July–5 August 1982) we asked these authors to explore the problems of museums with particular reference to cultural policies in their countries. Each replied in his or her own terms. The synthesis that follows is neither a thorough objective survey of the situation as it is today nor a blueprint for the future. We hope, however, that it captures the pulse of museological life in the region, whose museums face challenges that are similar to those found throughout the Third World.
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