In summary, it can be stated that structural family therapy, for a variety of reasons, offers an appropriate treatment model for dysfunctional Chinese families. Since the family, not the individual, is the more important unit in Chinese culture, the model offers the opportunity for the total family to participate in changing dysfunctional individual and family patterns. The model focuses upon structure, which is the essence of the Chinese family. In addition, it is problem- and growth-oriented, creates a nondefensive atmosphere in which family members can change, and works toward helping family members improve communication and modify behavior. It is important to stress that it does not focus upon helping family members make significant changes in their value system. Furthermore, the model can be applied to most problem areas, because it is assumed that the presenting problem is reinforced by family structure and repetitive patterns. Consequently, family interactional patterns that reinforce the presenting problems are the major focus of the treatment. Finally, the model allows for the utilization of theories and practice principles of other clinical approaches. Structural family therapists assume the role of authority figures who are experts in family therapy. They view the family within the context of its environment, are sensitive to the cultural norms of the group with which they are working, and utilize supportive services as an integral part of treatment. More important, therapists believe in the power of families to make changes and work toward helping them become involved in a new process of interaction that will lead to satisfactory changes.
The author presents an ecological, family-centered approach to working with single-parent families. Using case examples, the author identifies four major issues resulting from divorce or separation that these families must confront. The article concludes with six practice principles for helping practitioners in their work.
Unlike most ethnic population centers, this small area benefits from having Chinese American social workers, but fails to meet even local residents' needs
The brittleness of sedimentary rocks is a critical aspect of their potential to form hydraulically stimulated fractures, resist embedment after stimulation, and thereby produce hydrocarbons over economically significant periods more efficiently. As such it is important to understand how brittle versus non-brittle rocks are organized within a play to improve the recovery of petroleum reserves by identifying higher potential stimulation intervals. The goal of this study is to document the link between the sequence stratigraphic hierarchy and its control on the evolution of mineralogy by FEI's QEMSCAN system, unconfined compressive rock strength, and dipole sonic derived brittleness for the Niobrara Formation. The Niobrara ultimately consists of a combination of sharply to diffusely bedded rocks composed of chalks to claystones with variable organic matter. It is mainly calcium carbonate rich with changing concentrations of detrital quartz, clay, and organic matter that function as the main variables of the mineral brittleness index. The detrital and organic components are relatively dominant in the transgressive systems tract (TST) in the form of laminated and sharply laminated-gradational millimeter to centimeter to decimeter intervals of organic rich chalky claystones-to-marly chalks; high resolution scanning electron photomicrographs also document that this fine scale bedding continues at the nanometer to micrometer scale. Discretely interbedded chalks and marly chalks are interbedded with marls at the cm to decimeter scale during the highstand systems tract (HST); by HST time the shorelines have been pushed landward the furthest and detrital terrestrial contribution to the marine environment has been reduced. This environment is ultimately more favorable to chalk deposition and an overall more brittle mineral assemblage. Mineral derived brittleness logs of the Niobrara ultimately covary with dipole sonic derived rock mechanics (Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio), unconfined compressive rock strength measurements from the Equotip-Piccolo, and gamma ray values from downhole tools which in turn may be tuned to identify hydraulic stimulation targets away from cored wells.
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