A youth-driven, social media-based campaign aimed at improving knowledge about and increasing testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV among youth 13–17 years old was assessed by: tracking website/social media use throughout the campaign; online survey of knowledge of and attitudes towards STI testing 9 months after campaign launch; and comparing rates of STI testing at affiliated family planning clinics during the 1 year period immediately prior versus 1 year immediately after campaign launch. Over 1,500 youth were reached via social media. Survey results showed 46 % of youth had never been tested, but 70 % intended to test in the next 6 months. While the total number of GC/CT tests conducted and positive results were not significantly different pre- and post-campaign, there was a large increase in the proportion of visits at which Syphilis (5.4 vs. 18.8 %; p <0.01) and HIV (5.4 vs. 19.0 %; p <0.01) testing was conducted post-campaign launch. Future campaigns should incorporate lessons learned about engaging younger adolescents, social media strategies, and specific barriers to testing in this age group.

Purpose: (1) To describe psychosocial, medical, and mental health outcomes of young transgender women (YTW) living with or at risk for HIV infection and (2) to explore barriers and facilitators to medical and mental health services across the HIV care continuum.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of YTW aged 16–24 years who were at risk for contracting or living with HIV. Participants were recruited from an adolescent HIV clinic and local community-based organizations that serve YTW. The single study visit included: a computer-assisted self-interview of demographics, medical and mental health measures, a qualitative semi-structured interview, optional rapid HIV testing for HIV-negative/status-unknown participants, and a chart review to determine rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription and viral suppression among HIV+ participants. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, and a modified-grounded theory approach was used for qualitative analysis.Results: Participants (n=25) had a mean age of 21.2 years; the majority were non-white (76%), had less than a college education (76%), were unemployed (52%), and had an income <$12,000/year (80%). More than one-third were unstably housed (36%) and uninsured (36%), and 28% reported having transactional sex. A majority had taken gender-affirming hormones (72%), but 17% obtained them from a source other than their doctor. Among HIV+ participants (n=8), 50% were prescribed ART and all four participants achieved viral suppression. Qualitative themes included lack of respect for or misunderstanding of gender identity, mismatch of mental health needs with available provider skills, challenges in finding HIV prevention services during adolescence or when transitioning to adult care, and importance of workforce diversity, including representation of transgender women in care teams.Conclusion: This study identified significant unmet mental health needs and several barriers and facilitators to engaging in healthcare for YTW across the HIV care continuum. Our data suggest an urgent need for provider competency training in gender-affirming care and integration of appropriate mental health and gender-affirming treatment with HIV prevention and treatment services for this population.

Purpose Our primary aim was to explore themes regarding attitudes toward HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young transgender women (YTW), in order to develop a theoretical model of PrEP uptake in this population disproportionally affected by HIV. Methods Qualitative study nested within a mixed-method study characterizing barriers and facilitators to health services for YTW. Participants completed an in-depth interview exploring awareness of and attitudes toward PrEP. Key themes were identified using a grounded theory approach. Results Participants (n=25) had a mean age of 21.2 years (SD 2.2, range 17–24), and were predominately multi-racial (36%) and of HIV-negative or unknown status (68%). Most participants (64%) reported prior knowledge of PrEP, and 28% reported current use or intent to use PrEP. Three major content themes that emerged were variability of PrEP awareness, barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake, and emotional benefits of PrEP. Among participants without prior PrEP knowledge, participants reported frustration that PrEP information has not been widely disseminated to YTW, particularly by healthcare providers. Attitudes toward PrEP were overwhelmingly positive, however concerns were raised regarding barriers including cost, stigma, and adherence challenges. Both HIV-positive and negative participants discussed emotional and relationship benefits of PrEP, which were felt to extend beyond HIV prevention alone. Conclusions A high proportion of YTW in this study had prior knowledge of PrEP, and attitudes toward PrEP were positive among participants. Our findings suggest several domains to be further explored in PrEP implementation research, including methods of facilitating PrEP dissemination and emotional motivation for PrEP uptake.

Conflictos de interés: Ninguno. _________________________________Citar como : Malo Serrano M, Castillo N, Pajita D. La obesidad en el mundo. An Fac med. 2017;78(2): 173-178. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/ anales.v78i2.13213. An Fac med. 2017;78(2):173-178 / http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v78i2.13213 ResumenEl presente artículo analiza el sobrepeso y obesidad, y lo que estos implican como un enorme problema de salud pública en el mundo y en el Perú. Representan un problema que ha tenido un acelerado crecimiento en las últimas décadas, particularmente en los grupos de menor edad, y está relacionado con cambios en las condiciones de vida de la población. Destaca entre ellos, el enorme crecimiento del mercado y consumo de productos llamados ultra procesados que paulatinamente van sustituyendo los alimentos naturales y mínimamente procesados en la dieta de las poblaciones. El artículo sostiene que este crecimiento se debe principalmente a dos factores. Por un lado, la desregulación del mercado y, por otro, la enorme maquinaria publicitaria que estimula el consumo de estos productos. La obesidad está relacionada también con el proceso de urbanización que ha generado ciudades donde se prioriza la movilidad motorizada, en detrimento de la no motorizada, ciudades con carencia de espacios verdes y de recreación, cambios hacia formas sedentarias de recreación, con sus consecuencias en la disminución de la actividad física de la población. Luego, el artículo sostiene las respuestas y los compromisos que se han generado en los foros internacionales para enfrentar la obesidad y sus consecuencias en las enfermedades no transmisibles. Respuestas y compromisos para implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a combatir las condiciones de vida de las personas que favorecen la obesidad, calificado como ambiente obesogénico. Finalmente, se advierte el hecho de que estas políticas se enfrentan a intereses de sectores económicos poderosos vinculados con la industria alimentaria y de bebidas, lo que dificulta su implementación. Palabras clave: Obesidad; Sobrepeso; Factores de Riesgo para Enfermedades No Transmisibles; Alimentos; Actividad Física. Abstract This article discusses overweight and obesity and its implications as a huge public health problem in the world and in Peru. It is a problem with rapid growth in recent decades, particularly among younger age groups, and is related to changes in the living conditions of the population. Notable among these changes are the market's massive growth and the consumption of ultra-processed products, which are gradually replacing natural and minimally processed foods in the population's diet. The article argues that this growth is mainly due to two factors: the market`s lack of regulation for these ultra-processed products and the huge marketing machinery that encourages their consumption. Obesity is also related to the urbanization process. The latter has given rise to cities that prioritize motorized mobility at the expense of non-motorized transportation, with insufficien...

Young black and Latinx men who have sex with men (YBLMSM) and transgender women (YBLTW) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Structural and social marginalization, the social barriers, and structures that unevenly distribute benefits and burdens to different groups, may contribute to inability for youth to access prevention and treatment care services. Yet, few reports have examined the community and health care experiences of social marginalization among youth service providers who have multiple roles in the community (i.e., serve as a service provider and are a member or prior member of the YBLMSM and YBLTW population).Eighteen key informants (KIs), defined as youth, young adults, or adults who were members of or connected to the YBLMSM and young black and Latinx transgender (YBLTG) community, participated in a one-time, faceto-face, or telephone key informant interview (KII) lasting *45 min. KIs were defined as youth service providers because they described working with the target population and either being a member of or closely connected to the target population. KIs described key themes related to marginalization: lack of competent care among health care providers and both clinical and community spaces that left out key populations. HIV stigma and medical mistrust continues to create a barrier to care in this population and for interventions to be effective interventions will need to use an intersectional approach that simultaneously address all identities, and the social and structural needs of youth.