The function of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) is critical for embryo organogenesis
until final fetal development in rats, and can be affected by conditions such as
diabetes. In view of the importance of diabetes during pregnancy for maternal and
neonatal health, the objective of this study was to assess fetal weight, VYS cell
markers, and viability in female Wistar rats (200-250 g) with induced diabetes
(alloxan, 37 mg/kg) on the 8th gestational day (gd 8). At gd 15, rats from control
(n=5) and diabetic (n=5) groups were anesthetized and laparotomized to remove the
uterine horns for weighing of fetuses and collecting the VYS. Flow cytometry was used
for characterizing VYS cells, and for determining mitochondrial activity, cell
proliferation, DNA ploidy, cell cycle phases, and caspase-3 activity. Fetal weight
was reduced in the diabetic group. Expression of the cell markers CD34, VEGFR1,
CD115, CD117, CD14, CCR2, CD90, CD44, STRO-1, OCT3/4, and Nanog was detected in VYS
cells in both groups. In the diabetic group, significantly decreased expression of
CD34 (P<0.05), CCR2 (P<0.001), and OCT3/4 (P<0.01), and significantly
increased expression of CD90 (P<0.05), CD117 (P<0.01), and CD14 (P<0.05)
were observed. VYS cells with inactive mitochondria, activated caspase-3, and low
proliferation were present in the rats with diabetes. Severe hyperglycemia caused by
maternal diabetes had negative effects on pregnancy, VYS cell viability, and the
expression of cell markers.