Introdução: Um dos principais tratamentos da estenose aórtica pode ser feito através de um procedimento cirúrgico, de “peito aberto”, a substituição cirúrgica de valva aórtica (SAVR). Contudo, pacientes classificados como alto risco e/ou com sintomática grave são impossibilitados de realizá-la, diminuindo a sua sobrevida. Devido a isso, surgiram alternativas minimamente invasivas tal como o implante de válvula aórtica transcateter (TAVI). Um dos manejos do pós operatório desse paciente são com terapia de anticoagulantes orais. Objetivo: Conhecer os principais anticoagulantes utilizados no pós operatório da TAVR. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, do tipo revisão de literatura, através das seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Pubmed e Science Direct. Resultados: Os artigos buscaram esclarecer a fisiopatologia da estenose aórtica, bem como o seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Estes artigos permitiram identificar o mecanismo de ação dos anticoagulantes utilizados no pós-operatório da TAVR. Conclusão: A síntese do conhecimento acerca do manejo da terapia dos anticoagulantes pós operatório da TAVR poderá subsidiar ações dos profissionais médicos a fim de evitar acontecimentos não fisiológicos.
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely related to diabetes mellitus (DM), and AD is also considered to be type 3 diabetes (T3D). Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) may be the potential link between DM and AD. GSK-3β is one of the main factors that lead to insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, and insulin resistance is a characteristic of the development of DM. In AD, GSK-3β plays an important role in hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein (tau) associated with microtubules, which is one of the pathological features in AD. Objective: To analyze DM as a factor for the development of AD. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative review of the literature, which is a construction of a comprehensive analysis of the literature with pre-defined steps, carried out through PubMed, 1.501 articles were found, of which 10 were selected, through the simultaneous crossing between the descriptors “Diabetes mellitus”, “Alzheimer “. Articles written in Portuguese and English published between 2016 and 2021 were inserted. Results: DM associated with insulin resistance affects psychomotor efficiency, attention, learning memory, mental flexibility, speed and executive function of the brain, thus being an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and damage to the central nervous system, hyperglycemia, which can cause increased oxidative stress leading to progressive functional and structural abnormalities in the brain. Conclusion:The risk of dementia in patients with DM is higher than in nondiabetic patients and it is also well known that DM2 / insulin resistance is involved in AD.
Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a neurodevelopmental disorder, in which the child has persistent deficits in verbal and / or non-verbal communication, social interaction and behavior. One of the factors related to the cause of ASD are nutritional aspects, such as intestinal dysbiosis. Objective: To analyze the relationship between imbalance in the intestinal microbiota and the pathophysiological characteristics of ASD. Methodology: This is a systematic review, carried out in the Pubmed, SciELO databases, in order to answer the question: what is the relationship between intestinal microbiota imbalance and ASD? 139 articles were found, of which 12 were selected, through the simultaneous crossing between the descriptors “Autistic Disorder”, “Dysbiosis”. Articles written in Portuguese and English published from 2016 to 2021 were inserted. Results/Discussion: Most children with ASD exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation and diarrhea, and greater intestinal permeability, with major differences in the composition of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Patients with ASD have a lower microbiota diversity in the GIT. However, it is not possible to identify the origin of this change, since children with ASD often have changes in diet and eating behavior, which could alter the microbiota. Conclusion: It is still complex to understand what are the main causes of ASD. The gut-brain axis is an important associated factor both in the etiology and in the clinical manifestations of ASD. The use of diets, together with the modulation of the microbiota, by the use of probiotics and specific antibiotics, are possibilities for promising therapy.
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