Introduction. The rapid spread of the pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, more commonly known as COVID-19, required sanitary measures, such as social distancing and quarantining, which represented non-normative stressors for Mexican families. Objective. Obtaining evidence of the validity and reliability of a family coping scale in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A questionnaire was developed containing 48 items, and responses were collected using Google forms with a total of 558 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to obtain the reliability and validity of the scale. Results. The instrument is made up of six factors that explain 67.27% of the variance. The scale had a McDonald’s omega coefficient of .82, and the model had a good fit with most values equal to or higher than .90. Discussion and conclusions. The final items showed proper theoretical congruence and good indicators of fit. These results allow for the assertion that factors 1, 2, 5, and 6 allude to a good family adaptation in the face of the pandemic. Meanwhile, factors 3 and 4 indicate a poor family adaptation. Among the main contributions of this study is that this is one of the first scales to address the subject in Mexico, followed by statistical data that suggests the scale possesses appropriate psychometric properties to be used in the Mexican population.
Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 es un evento estresor no normativo que hace que las familias utilicen recursos externos e internos para afrontarlo. Objetivos: Describir las estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizan las familias nucleares mexicanas, y comparar la percepción que tienen de aquellas dependiendo de la edad, género, etapa del ciclo de vida y rol familiar del participante. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se aplicó la Escala de Afrontamiento Familiar ante la Pandemia por COVID-19 a 854 participantes a través de un formulario de Google Forms en las redes sociales. Resultados. La estrategia de afrontamiento familiar más empleada fue la colaboración y el apoyo conyugal. Se emplearon pruebas U de Mann-Whitney para buscar diferencias en las características señaladas en los objetivos. Se encontraron diferencias en padres/madres, comunicación y apoyo del sistema familiar, colaboración y apoyo conyugal, apoyo fraterno e interacción conflictiva madre-hijo; en las hijas, en violencia conyugal e interacción conflictiva madre-hijo. Discusión. Las familias en el futuro postpandémico requerirán de políticas sociales en las que la salud mental sea una meta común en los sectores políticos, educativos y de protección social.
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