L aunched in December 2010 with the support of the Open Society Foundations' (OSF) Special Fund for Poverty Alleviation, the multisite HOST demonstration tests innovative, twogeneration service models to improve the life chances of vulnerable low-income families living in public and mixed-income housing communities. At its core, the demonstration aims to address parents' key barriers to selfsufficiency-such as poor physical and mental health, addictions, low levels of literacy, lack of a high school diploma, and historically weak connection to the labor force-while simultaneously integrating services and supports for children and youth. HOST builds on lessons learned from the successful wraparound service model that the Urban Institute and the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) piloted from 2007-2010 with residents of Dearborn Homes and the Madden/Wells development. While this model showed promising gains for even the highest-risk adults, the benefits did not extend to their children. Parents reported that their teens were struggling in school, engaging in risky behavior, being arrested, and pregnant and parenting at rates far above average (Popkin and Getsinger 2010). Developing effective place-based models that reach youth is critical not only for improving the lives of individual children and youth, but also for ensuring the health and viability of public and mixed-income communities. If youth engagement strategies are successful, they can reduce critical neighborhood Revitalization Initiative, which encompasses the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Choice Neighborhood program, the Department of Education's Promise Neighborhoods program, and the Department of Justice's Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program. 1 Looking forward, HOST will help answer critical questions about what works for whom and provide important insight into how local communities implement similar dual-generation models to improve the life chances of their most vulnerable children and families. An Overview of HOST Partners and Program Models Planning the Housing Opportunity and Services Together Demonstration 2. INTERVENTION Urban Institute and Site Partners Case management and wrap-around services for adults with strategies to engage children and youth ADULTS Increased self-sufficiency/ improved health and well-being CHILDREN AND YOUTH Positive educational, health, and behavioral outcomes ENGAGEMENT AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION Site Partners FOLLOW-UP AND ONGOING ADJUSTMENT OF SERVICES Urban Institute and Site Partners Sustainable community revitalization Improved well-being for families and youth figure 1. HOST Demonstration Theory of Change HOST demonstration: developing comprehensive, coordinated service models Planning the Housing Opportunity and Services Together Demonstration 7.
This paper reports analysis obtained from 200 implant cases retrieved from humans and submitted to the American Academy of Implant Dentistry Research Foundation, Medical College of Georgia implant retrieval center. The samples that were not decalcified were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate and examined with scanning electron microscopy and routine light, polarized, or Nomarski microscopy. Cases included both orthopedic and dental implants, as well as entire mandibles and portions of maxillae obtained at autopsy. A significant number of submitted implants had substantial amounts of adhered bone, which permitted evaluation of human bone remodeling to osseointegrated implants. These implants failed because of implant fracture. As was observed with animal studies, healthy bone supported these implants, with the bone containing an interdigitating canaliculi network that provided communication between interfacial osteocytes and osteocytes deeper within the remodeled osteonal and trabecular bone. Early dental implants containing a coating of beads showed a connective tissue interface, which corresponded to the bead surface of specific orthopedic implants that underwent some degree of micromovement. This is in contrast with the excellent response reported for successful contemporary beaded implants. Significant numbers of osseointegrated fractured hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated dental implants demonstrated the adequate serviceability of these implants before biomaterial fracture. In contrast, the HA coating was dissociated from retrieved orthopedic implants, leading to extensive cup loosening and case failure. This study, therefore, underscores the need for evaluation of failed human dental and orthopedic implants. Correlations can be drawn between human retrieval and experimental animal studies.
Virtual microscopy is an effective educational strategy, and students prefer this method when learning to interpret images of clinical specimens.
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