Minuartia is one of the larger genera of Caryophyllaceae with about 175 species distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The taxonomy of the genus has been studied by several authors, resulting in the recognition of numerous infrageneric groups. Previous phylogenies of the Caryophyllaceae showed that Minuartia is polyphyletic, but included only a limited sample of the genus. We here provide a molecular phylogeny of Minuartia including all infrageneric groups recognized in the last revision of the genus. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus using DNA sequences of nrITS and plastid matK from 160 ingroup and 105 outgroup samples. The evolution of the morphological character relevant for the delimitation of Minuartia (three styles plus three capsule valves/teeth) was reconstructed. Minuartiahas been defined with a plesiomorphic character and is highly polyphyletic. All four subgenera fall into different lineages containing other genera of the family, and M. subg. Minuartia, as by far the largest subgenus, falls into seven clades, which together do not form a monophylum. These clades are closely related to several other genera, e.g., Sagina, Colobanthus and Scleranthus. In several cases taxonomic groups below subgeneric rank are monophyletic. The type of Minuartia, M. dichotoma, is part of a clade containing M. sect. Plurinerviae and sect. Minuartia. We propose to retain this clade as Minuartia s.str. and to transfer the other species of Minuartia to the genera Cherleria, Eremogone, Facchinia, Mcneillia, Minuartiella, Mononeuria, Pseudocherleria, Rhodalsine, Sabulina and Triplateia.
Recurrent formation of polyploid taxa is a common observation in many plant groups. Haploid, cytoplasmic genomes like the plastid genome can be used to overcome the problem of homeologous genes and recombination in polyploid taxa. Fragaria (Rosaceae) contains several octo-and decaploid species. We use plastome sequences to infer the plastid ancestry of these taxa with special focus on the decaploid Fragaria cascadensis. METHODS: We used genome skimming of 96 polyploid Fragaria samples on a single Illumina HiSeq 3000 lane to obtain whole plastome sequences. These sequences were used for phylogenetic reconstructions and dating analyses. Ploidy of all samples was inferred with flow cytometry, and plastid inheritance was examined in a controlled cross of F. cascadensis. KEY RESULTS: The plastid genome phylogeny shows that only the octoploid F. chiloensis is monophyletic, all other polyploid taxa were supported to be para-or polyphyletic. The decaploid Fragaria cascadensis has biparental plastid inheritance and four different plastid donors. Diversification of the F. cascadensis clades occurred in the last 230,000 years. The southern part of its distribution range harbors considerably higher genetic diversity, suggestive of a potential refugium. CONCLUSIONS: Fragaria cascadensis had at least four independent origins from parents with different plastomes. In contrast, para-and polyphyletic taxa of the octoploid Fragaria species are best explained by incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization. Biogeographic patterns in F. cascadensis are probably a result of range shift during the last glacial maximum.
We conclude that colonization of areas with novel edaphic conditions via dispersal can trigger shifts of edaphic association. Accordingly, edaphic niche shifts can result from chance events.
A conspectus of Tephroseris (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Europe outside Russia and notes on the decline of the genus Version of record first published online on 3 September 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue.
Abstract:The use of DNA sequence data in plant systematics has brought us closer than ever to formulating wellfounded hypotheses about phylogenetic relationships, and phylogenetic research keeps on revealing that plant genera as traditionally circumscribed often are not monophyletic. Here, we assess the monophyly of all genera of vascular plants found in Germany. Using a survey of the phylogenetic literature, we discuss which classiications would be consistent with the phylogenetic relationships found and could be followed, provided monophyly is accepted as the primary criterion for circumscribing taxa. We indicate whether and which names are available when changes in generic assignment are made (but do not present a comprehensive review of the nomenclatural aspects of such names). Among the 840 genera examined, we identiied c. 140 where data quality is suiciently high to conclude that they are not monophyletic, and an additional c. 20 where monophyly is questionable but where data quality is not yet suicient to reach convincing conclusions. While it is still iercely debated how a phylogenetic tree should be translated into a classiication, our results could serve as a guide to the likely consequences of systematic research for the taxonomy of the German lora and the loras of neighbouring countries.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.