Automated driving is an active area of research in both industry and academia. Automated Parking, which is automated driving in a restricted scenario of parking with low speed manoeuvring, is a key enabling product for fully autonomous driving systems. It is also an important milestone from the perspective of a higher end system built from the previous generation driver assistance systems comprising of collision warning, pedestrian detection, etc. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of an automated parking system from the perspective of computer vision algorithms. Designing a low-cost system with functional safety is challenging and leads to a large gap between the prototype and the end product, in order to handle all the corner cases. We demonstrate how camera systems are crucial for addressing a range of automated parking use cases and also, to add robustness to systems based on active distance measuring sensors, such as ultrasonics and radar. The key vision modules which realize the parking use cases are 3D reconstruction, parking slot marking recognition, freespace and vehicle/pedestrian detection. We detail the important parking use cases and demonstrate how to combine the vision modules to form a robust parking system. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed discussion of a systemic view of a commercial automated parking system.
Das gesamte Energiesystem der Strom-, Gas-und Wärmeversorgung befindet sich in einem Umbruch. Dieser Umbruch wird einerseits durch eine Veränderung in der Erzeugungsstruktur und andererseits durch ein geändertes Verbraucherverhalten getrieben.
Das gesamte Energiesystem der Strom-, Gas-und Wärmeversorgung befindet sich in einem Umbruch. Dieser Umbruch wird einerseits durch eine Veränderung in der Erzeugungsstruktur und andererseits durch ein geändertes Verbraucherverhalten getrieben. Besonders das elektrische System wird durch diese Veränderungen an seine betrieblichen Grenzen gebracht. Die Kopplung vorhandener Infrastrukturen bietet hier eine mögliche Abhilfemaßnahme, die zusätzlich zu einer besseren Ausnutzung bestehender Infrastrukturen führen kann. In diesem Artikel werden die an der Technischen Universität Wien am Institut für Energiesysteme und Elektrische Antriebe (Arbeitsgruppe Elektrische Anlagen) entwickelten Methoden zur Planung, Auslegung und dem Betrieb von Hybridnetzen ("Universal Grids") vorgestellt und Ergebnisse anhand durchgeführter Forschungsprojekte veranschaulicht.
This paper discusses the amount of photovoltaic generation (PV), which could be installed in a low voltage grid, if smart balancing algorithms were applied to the PV inverters. These algorithms are tested in an existing low voltage grid. Unsymmetrical synthetic load profiles for an entire week in summer and winter are used to discuss the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. With two criteria, the installable power and the deviation in the power flow at the transformer, are used to compare the different algorithms with each other.
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