Early mouse embryos have an atypical translational machinery that consists of cytoplasmic lattices and is poorly competent for translation. Hence, the impact of transcriptomic changes on the operational level of proteins is predicted to be relatively modest. To investigate this, we performed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and mRNA sequencing at seven developmental stages, from the mature oocyte to the blastocyst, and independently validated our data by immunofluorescence and qPCR. We detected and quantified 6,550 proteins and 20,535 protein-coding transcripts. In contrast to the transcriptome – where changes occur early, mostly at the 2-cell stage – our data indicate that the most substantial changes in the proteome take place towards later stages, between the morula and blastocyst. We also found little to no concordance between the changes in protein and transcript levels, especially for early stages, but observed that the concordance increased towards the morula and blastocyst, as did the number of free ribosomes. These results are consistent with the cytoplasmic lattice-to-free ribosome transition being a key mediator of developmental regulation. Finally, we show how these data can be used to appraise the strengths and limitations of mRNA-based studies of pre-implantation development and expand on the list of known developmental markers.
Abstract. The performance of elliptic curve based public key cryptosystems is mainly appointed by the efficiency of the underlying finite field arithmetic. This work describes two generic and scalable architectures of finite field coprocessors, which are implemented within the latest family of Field Programmable System Level Integrated Circuits FPSLIC from Atmel, Inc. The HW architectures are adapted from Karatsuba's divide and conquer algorithm and allow for a reasonable speedup of the top-level elliptic curve algorithms. The VHDL hardware models are automatically generated based on an eligible operand size, which permits the optimal utilization of a particular FPSLIC device.
To identify genes contributing to disease phenotypes remains a challenge for bioinformatics. Static knowledge on biological networks is often combined with the dynamics observed in gene expression levels over disease development, to find markers for diagnostics and therapy, and also putative disease-modulatory drug targets and drugs. The basis of current methods ranges from a focus on expression-levels (Limma) to concentrating on network characteristics (PageRank, HITS/Authority Score), and both (DeMAND, Local Radiality). We present an integrative approach (the FocusHeuristics) that is thoroughly evaluated based on public expression data and molecular disease characteristics provided by DisGeNet. The FocusHeuristics combines three scores, i.e. the log fold change and another two, based on the sum and difference of log fold changes of genes/proteins linked in a network. A gene is kept when one of the scores to which it contributes is above a threshold. Our FocusHeuristics is both, a predictor for gene-disease-association and a bioinformatics method to reduce biological networks to their disease-relevant parts, by highlighting the dynamics observed in expression data. The FocusHeuristics is slightly, but significantly better than other methods by its more successful identification of disease-associated genes measured by AUC, and it delivers mechanistic explanations for its choice of genes.
mines the performance of EC implementations. The Ellipric-A generator-based design and validation methodology for rapid prototyping of elliptic curve public-key cryptosystem hardware is described. By their very nature, crypto systems challenge both design and validation. Pure RTL-based synthesis is as unsuitable as is high-level synthesis. Instead, a generator program accepts the two main parameters, key size and multiplier radix, and creates a highly efJicient custom RTL description which is synthesized into a FPGA.This approach benefits the design in that it allows to effortlessly exploit the available resources on the FPGA f o r variable requirements of security and performance. I t is also advantageous for validation of the correctness of the design as for small parameter values the design can be tested exhaustively. Thus, the correctness f o r large key sizes depends only on the correctness of the generator: Furthermore, deploying FPGAs supports integration of an ASIC realisation of the same algorithm which boosts performance. By emulating its interface, the ASIC can be acconiodated even before fabrication thus enabling mixed FPGMASIC acceleration of elliptic curve cryptosystems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.