Chronic social stress in mice causes behavioral and physiological changes resulting in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) in mice before and after exposure to the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm. Our results revealed that Tcore amplitudes of stress resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, after exposure to social stress, the temperature amplitude of resilient mice recovered faster than the susceptible mice. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression of Prok2, an output signal of the SCN (Suprachiasmatic nucleus). We also investigated the molecular changes associated with these dampened temperature rhythms, and determined the expression levels of thermosensitive genes Cirbp, Rbm3 and Hsf1. Expression of Rbm3 and Cirbp in the LHb (Lateral habenula) were blunted 1 day after CSDS. These molecular rhythms recovered 10 days later such that daytime expression was higher compared to nighttime, similar to stress-naive controls. Hsf1 did not show robust rhythmic expression in the LHb.
The permanent magnet synchronous machine with an external rotor is the most important device for high performance electrical drive systems in particular for hybrid electric vehicles. The paper discusses finite element analyses of such a machine with concentrated tooth coils in terms of a comparison of both Y-and D-connected stator windings. As the evolved electromagnetic torque is one of the most important design parameter, various ratios of tooth width and slot pitch are analyzed with the two connections of the stator winding. On the other hand, the phase voltages are compared between both Y-and D-connected stator windings. With an intent of a position sensorless control of the machine, special attention is given to the differential inductances in dependence on the angular rotor position. Finally, the numerically obtained results are compared with measurement results obtained from a prototype machine.
Finite-Elemente-Analysen von Permanentmagnet-Synchronmaschinen mit Bruchloch-Zahnspulenwicklungen.Permanentmagnet-Synchronmaschinen in Außenl€ auferbauart z€ ahlen zu den wichtigsten Antriebsmaschinen f€ ur hochdynamische elektrische Antriebssysteme wie insbesondere in Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeugen. Zwecks Vergleich von Stern-und Dreieckschaltung der Statorwicklung werden Finite-Elemente-Analysen einer solchen Maschine mit einer Statorwicklung aus konzentrierten Zahnspulen beschrieben. Im Hinblick auf das elektromagnetische Drehmoment als der wichtigste Entwurfsparameter werden Geometrievarianten bez€ uglich verschiedener Verh€ altnisse von Zahnbreite zur Nutteilung f€ ur beide Schaltungen der Statorwicklung untersucht. Als weitere Parameter f€ ur den Vergleich der beiden Schaltungsm€ oglichkeiten der Statorwicklung dienen Strangspannungen und differentielle Induktivit€ aten. Insbesondere die Abh€ angigkeit der Induktivit€ aten von der Rotorwinkellage ist f€ ur die Anwendbarkeit einer lagegeberlosen Regelung von großer Bedeutung. Abschließend werden die numerisch ermittelten Ergebnisse mit jenen aus Messungen an einer Prototypmaschine verglichen.
The permanent magnet synchronous machine with an external rotor is the most important device for high performance electrical drive systems in particular for hybrid electric vehicles. The paper discusses finite element analyses of such a machine with concentrated tooth coils in terms of a comparison of both Y-and Δ-connected stator windings. As the evolved electromagnetic torque is one of the most important design parameter, various ratios of tooth width and slot pitch are analyzed with the two connections of the stator winding. On the other hand, the phase voltages for various operating conditions are compared between both Y-and Δ-connected stator windings.
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