Differentiated services (DS) is a mechanism by which network service providers can offer differing levels of network service to different traffic, and in doing so they provide quality of service (QoS) to their customers. The advantage of DS is that many traffic flows can be aggregated to a small number of classes, thereby simplifying the processing and storage associated with packet classification and conditioning. In addition, there is no signaling state or related processing required in the DS network since QoS is invoked on a packet-by-packet basis. To succeed in differentiation, router must somehow decide which packet should go into which class. This decision can be based on inherent characteristics of traffic source or application or some other networking perspective. Traffic in Internet can be broadly categorized into two different classes: interactive and bulk. Interactive traffic is seen to be formed from conversational applications needing continuos attention from the user like IP telephony, video conferencing, collaborative application ( shared white board etc) and applications forming a group of which some have interactive nature as an application (web, remote shell) or require some level consistency in delivery time like streaming audio and video. Bulk category takes all what is left from previous ones. These left overs are usually related to background processes like file transfer (FTP) or messaging (email). In this paper we will present a survey of ways to do quality differentiation and packet classification. A group of classification mechanisms are investigated more closely, namely measurement based classifiers.
Mobile network access has seemingly become ubiquitous in industrialized countries. With data services becoming sufficiently fast, usable, and affordable, demand is growing rapidly, both in the number of users and in capacity -since most Internet/web resources continue being tailored for fast fixed line access. A lot of engineering has gone into making mobile devices appealing and sufficiently power-conserving to last for at least a day in spite of the many emerging network-driven applications. However, this device-centric view fails to recognize the "other side": the mobile access infrastructure. There, too, power consumption raises technical issues (not just) when moving towards faster mobile access and is de-facto an inhibiting factor for cellular expansion: for practical and for cost reasons. In this paper, we seek to raise awareness of the power consumption issues of mobile networks. We argue that mobile access will become, in addition to data centers and PCs, another contributing factor from the ICT sector to greenhouse gas emissions and that current mobile access technologies limit further network expansion in rural areas. Thus, we need to start working on making mobile networks much more energy-efficient than they are today, maybe even fully selfsustainable using renewable energy sources.
Abstract-The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is one of the most popular Instant Messaging (IM) protocols which uses a client-server working mode. This protocol uses different connection primitives for both client-to-server (c2s) and server-to-server (s2s) connections. It is actively used in mission-critical operations where the reliability and security of communication systems is always imperative. One approach to secure services and private networks is to use proxy services as security gateways. Proxies enable interoperability between different security domains acting as Information Exchange Gateways (IEGs).In this paper we present an architecture of the XMPP proxy for s2s connections. The system is based on an Openfire XMPP server with a Hazelcast clustering plugin, and a Hazelcast clustering link is used between the XMPP server and the XMPP Proxy. We have constructed an implementation to verify and validate the presented approach. Our proposal enables an effective seamless connection for XMPP proxies. Furthermore, it increases the system security for example, terminating both TCP and XMPP flows to prevent malicious attacks. Finally, we show that the proposal does not significantly increase the anticipated delay of the communication.
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