Early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has proven to be of high significance, however there is a limited availability of ASD screening tools in Serbian language. In this study we aim to translate, assess reliability and, in part, test the applicability of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT R/F) in Serbian Healthcare environment. We screened 128 children in three primary healthcare centres and 20 children in a tertiary psychiatric center, using M-CHAT R/F translated into Serbian language, between December 2014 and October 2015. At the end of the screening process 80% of participants in the risk group screened positive for ASD, while in the control group 4 (3.1%) participants screened positive, with a mean total scores of 8.25 and 0.66 respectively. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.91 and Guttman’s λ6 was 0.93. Test – retest reliability was deemed as acceptable, and no significant correlation was found between M-CHAT-R/F scores and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for children scores. The Serbian version of the M-CHAT-R/F has shown satisfactory reliability. We can therefore assert that it is a reliable tool for identifying ASD and it can be used in clinical practice to improve early detection, assessment and treatment.
Background: Despite relatively consistent findings regarding the number of personality pathology domains, differences in domain structure remain. Recently the proposed ICD-11 domains were partially validated in a sample of patients with major depression producing five domains: Detached, Anankastic, Negative Emotional, Antisocial and Borderline. The aim of our study was to attempt to cross-validate these findings in a sample of patients primarily diagnosed with personality disorder (PD). Subjects and methods: All subjects were assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis II PD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied on fifty seven DSM PD symptoms selected to represent the five proposed domains. Results: SCID II data were collected from a total of 223 subjects. The EFA extracted five factors. The first factor labeled as borderline-internalizing constituted of borderline together with avoidant and dependent items, the second, labeled as disinhibited/ borderline externalizing, incorporated narcissistic and histrionic items. The other three separate factors in our study labeled as antisocial, anankastic and detached, were less robust. Conclusions: In our study five personality pathology domains were partly replicated. The most robust findings support the existence of the two factors, borderline-internalizing and disinhibited/borderline externalizing. However, the EFA was performed on a relatively low prevalence symptoms distribution, particularly for antisocial and schizoid factors.
The impact of forced social comparison on adolescents? self-esteem and
appearance satisfaction research, conducted on a sample of 133 high school
seniors, consisted of two phases. In phase one, participants were given the
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory, Appearance Satisfaction Scale and Appearance
Relevance Scale, and in phase two, one month later, they were exposed to
photographs of attractive and unattractive individuals. Two groups of boys
and girls each assessed attractive or unattractive individuals of their own
gender, while two control groups (of both genders) were not exposed to any
photographs. Immediately after assessing the photographs, the participants
were again given the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory and Appearance
Satisfaction Scale. We found that forced social comparison had an impact on
self-esteem and a marginally significant effect on appearance satisfaction in
the group of participants (of both genders) assessing the photographs of
unattractive individuals, while no effects were found in the either the
control group or the group assessing the photographs of attractive
individuals. We also examined the impact of self-esteem, appearance
satisfaction and appearance relevance as moderating variables on the effect
size of social comparison and showed that higher pretest self-esteem and
appearance relevance and lower appearance satisfaction predict higher
posttest self-esteem scores, regardless of the participants? group
membership. The group of participants exposed to photographs of unattractive
people, however, showed the opposite pattern - those participants who had
initially lower self-esteem have increased it more as a result of the
experimental exposure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.