This paper concentrates on quantifying the behavioral aspects of systemic risk by using a novel approach based on entropy. More specifically, we study aggregate market expectations and the predictability of systemic risk before and during the financial crisis in 2008. Two underlying signals for estimating entropic risk measures are considered: (i) skewness premium of deepest out-of-the-money options; and (ii) implied volatility ratio in regard to deepest out-ofthe-money options. The findings confirm the predictive and contemporaneous usefulness of our entropy setting in market risk management. The degree of predictability is closely linked to both the type of entropy and the nature of the underlying signal.

In recent years, huge efforts have been made to implement ICT innovations in the agricultural sector in order to increase its competitiveness. The question that can be posed is what depends on the successful implementation of ICT innovations among farmers. Numerous scientific papers were published with the purpose of identifying factors that affect acceptance of particular innovation by users. The aim of this paper was to determine whether the farmer innovativeness influences the acceptance and the degree of using the Internet and social media by farmer. Additionally, statistically significant correlation between the demographic factors of the farmers and their innovativeness was investigated. The research was conducted using survey method. Descriptive statistics, Correlation analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficients and Chi-square test were used as statistical methods. Obtained results confirmed the initial hypotheses and based on that recommendations for the creation of a marketing strategy for introducing new ICT solutions in the field of agriculture are made.

The ICT sector has been recognized as a sector with great potential for the growth and development of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. This initiated the need to analyze the strategic aspect of the ICT sector intellectual capital concept. The purpose of the paper is to empirically test the impact of intellectual capital on business performance within the ICT sector. The research was conducted on a sample of 611 employees in ICT sector companies in the Republic of Serbia. The partial least squares method was used to model the structural equations for analysis of the primary data and testing of the hypotheses. The findings show a positive and statistically significant relationship between individual components of intellectual capital and the business performance of ICT companies, which confirms the hypotheses. Human capital proved to have the strongest influence on the business performance of ICT companies. This paper provides new scientific knowledge which can contribute to creating long-term strategies that shall focus on more sophisticated management of intellectual capital, compared to the traditional tasks of allocating resources of the organization. The findings may be of interest to other sectors stakeholders to provide deeper understanding on intellectual capital as an essential source of companies’ competitive advantage that can positively impact business performance.

The whole business of an organization is carried out through business processes. The process is a set of interconnected activities with interactions, which are transforming the object (as its input) into a result (as its output), where employees are adding a certain procedural values, using the resources of the organization There are permanent requirements for the changes in performances, innovations, increasing flexibility and improving the economic performance of the company trough the process orientation. The main objective of this paper was to explore possibilities for improvement of important business processes, such as human resource management, in petroleum industry with the technique of business process reengineering and business process improvement. In this paper the authors presented the improvement process of one of the most important function in each organization-human resources function, by using management tools of BPR supported with the lean tools such as value stream mapping VSM. Methodology used in this paper included step approach in line with the Harvard Business School Business (HBS, 2010) process improvement supported with value stream mapping (VSM) lean tools. In the first part of the paper, the authors presented a theoretical review of the literature of business process reengineering and human resource management (HRM), with a special focus on the function of human resources in large companies where the research was done. After the theoretical review, business process improvement (BPI) of HRM in specific company was presented trough comparison of the state of HR function before restructuring and the state of the performances of the HR function after the BPI implementation with all the characteristics and efficiency indicators. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the combination of HBS methodology and VSM tools can contribute to the improvement in the form of the reductions of hierarchical levels in organization within the company and in the form of advancement of work processes within the company. This was primarily reflected in the increase of the effectiveness and efficiency, in reducing of the time required for the execution of the processes, and saving resources. This paper presents one year case study, where the research was made to point out the significance of BPR of HR function in large companies. The authors tried to explain the main areas of HR process in a large production companies so as the improvements could be achieved by using BPR techniques supported by VSM lean tools. business process reengineering, human resource management, VSM tool, process improvement. Conclusion References

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global epidemic due to the improper overuse of antimicrobials in the agriculture, veterinary, and medical sectors. Antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs) spread primarily through the environment, which is becoming a growing concern among researchers and stakeholders. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their ARGs are spread by various factors, such as the use of antimicrobial drugs in health care, agriculture and livestock, and the environment, as well as the release of antibiotic residue. Through various routes and hotspots such as hospital wastewater, agricultural waste, and wastewater treatment plants, resistant microorganisms, and their resistance genes enter the soil, air, water, and sediments. It is important to identify high-risk environments that cause the evolution of resistance and its spread around the world if global mitigation strategies are to be effective. As a result, infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, antimicrobials, diagnostics, travel, and migration are all factors impacting AMR transmission. Through various mechanisms, this review discusses AMR as a global concern and how environmental factors may contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.