It is quite typical for comparative legal research in our region to focus on one selected Central European legal system (usually the researcher's own jurisdiction) compared with a number of Western ones (e.g. "Legal institution X in Polish, German and French Law", or "Legal institution Y in Czech, German and Austrian law", and so forth). One may legitimately askwhy not "Legal institution Z in Polish, Romanian and Bulgarian law", not to mention comparisons with Russian, Uzbek or Armenian law? 1 The same sadly also applies to legal theory, where many Central European scholars limit themselves to importing intellectual transfers from the West and implanting them in our intellectual universe. There is nothing inherently wrong in this, but the result is that we all know Dworkin and Hart ad nauseam,
Interpreting indeterminate legal concepts solely via traditional legal analysis is an incomplete effort as it misses a crucial perspective – the endeavor to understand how these concepts are constructed by the people who apply them. In this book, we argue that these concepts are socially represented in the sense of the social representation approach of social psychology. Therefore, we should use empirical methods to further illuminate their structure and contents so that we understand and apply them correctly. We present three possible approaches to empirical study of indeterminate legal concepts and use them in three separate studies each aimed at understanding a specific concept. First, we present findings from a set of interviews on public order. Second, we show how a mixed-methods approach can be used to understand judge's dignity. Finally, we apply graph theory to illuminate how lawyers represent case law. Apart from introducing a certain analytical approach, each study also interprets its findings in relation to Czech legal system.
V tomto diskusním příspěvku autorský kolektiv představuje vytvořenou anotační konvenci určenou pro manuální a v budoucnu automatickou anotaci soudních rozhodnutí. Finálním cílem je provedení komplexní citační analýzy rozhodovací praxe Ústavního soudu, Nejvyššího soudu a Nejvyššího správního soudu. Tímto textem navazujeme na předcházející text zabývající se možností citační analýzy za využití dostupných právních informačních systémů. Kromě představení anotační konvence se věnujeme i smyslu její existence, kterým má být budoucí automatická extrakce citací ze soudních rozhodnutí. V širší rovině by měl tento text přispět ke kultivaci citační kultury a pomoci pochopit úlohu, kterou odkazy hrají v rozhodovací praxi.
It has been claimed that to fully understand the law, one must know the language of normative texts and the relevant rules governing its use. It usually means that normative texts do not seem to be comprehensible enough to persons without formal legal training. In an on-going research project, we are focusing on the process of writing texts of legal regulations, conducting semi-structured interviews with those involved in drafting normative texts. In this paper, we focus on lawyers as a speech community of legal language speakers and we discuss why and to what extent this speech community may be considered an elite in a society. We show that competent usage of special – legal – language in regulating the whole society may help create a special group of persons wielding an important segment of cultural capital: the knowledge of legal language, and, in consequence, competent knowledge of law. Given the fact that this language is used to exercise (legal) power in a society, lawyers appear to be in the advantageous position of an elite. We argue that those who draft new legal texts reproduce writing rules and customs, constantly re-creating legal language as a language mostly incomprehensible to a non-competent speaker, and, in consequence, creating lawyers as an elite speech community.
AbstraktStudie se zabývá navrhovaným zákonem o veřejnoprávní instituci v kultuře. Autorka v textu shrnuje teoretická východiska vytvoření návrhu zákona a rozebírá jeho obsah v té podobě, v jaké byl navržen Senátem a ve které k němu zaujala stanovisko vláda. Dává návrh do kontextu současné kulturní politiky, stávající právní úpravy i dosavadní zkušenosti s fungováním příspěvkových organizací. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je seznámit odbornou divadelní veřejnost s obsahem navrhovaného právního předpisu i jeho politickým a právním pozadím, analyzovat jeho silné a slabé stránky a částečně i předvídat jeho další vývoj v legislativním procesu. Klíčová slovadivadlo, právo, zákon, kultura, veřejnoprávní instituce v kultuře AbstractThe study deals with the newly-proposed Czech law concerning the operation of public cultural institutions. The author summarizes the ideological background of the bill and analyses its content based on the version proposed by the Senate and discussed by the Government, contextualizing it in terms of current cultural state policy, the effective law, and her own experience with management of the state-fund institutions. The aim of the study is to make theatre scholars and professionals familiar with the proposed bill and its political and legal background, to analyse its pros and cons, and also to anticipate its future way through the legal processes to a certain extent.
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