This paper explains the principles of dependency analysis by reduction and its correspondence to the notions of dependency and dependency tree. The explanation is illustrated by examples from Czech, a language with a relatively high degree of word-order freedom. The paper sums up the basic features of methods of dependency syntax. The method serves as a basis for the verification (and explanation) of the adequacy of formal and computational models of those methods.
The paper describes a method of dividing complex sentences into segments, easily detectable and linguistically motivated units that may be subsequently combined into clauses and thus provide a structure of a complex sentence with regard to the mutual relationship of individual clauses. The method has been developed for Czech as a language representing languages with relatively high degree of word-order freedom. The paper introduces important terms, describes a segmentation chart, the data structure used for the description of mutual relationship between individual segments and separators. It also contains a simple set of rules applied for the segmentation of a small set of Czech sentences. The segmentation results are evaluated against a small hand-annotated corpus of Czech complex sentences.
This paper summarizes results of a theoretical analysis of syntactic behavior of Czech light verb constructions and their verification in the linguistic annotation of a large amount of these constructions. The concept of LVCs is based on the observation that nouns denoting actions, states, or properties have a strong tendency to select semantically underspecified verbs, which leads to a specific rearrangement of valency complementations of both nouns and verbs in the syntactic structure. On the basis of the description of deep and surface syntactic properties of LVCs, a formal model of their lexicographic representation is proposed here. In addition, the resulting data annotation, capturing almost 1,500 LVCs, is described in detail. This annotation has been integrated in a new version of the VALLEX lexicon, release 3.5.
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