Modern non-contact methods for data acquisition are becoming widely used for monitoring soil erosion and for assessing soil degradation after rainfall events. Photogrammetric methods are especially favored to obtain a detailed and precise digital surface model (DSM) of the surveyed area. This paper introduces the algorithm and its Python implementation as a tool for ArcGIS software, which makes efficient automatic calculations of the volume of erosion rills or gullies. The input parameters are a DSM, and the rill edge polygon. The method was tested on an artificially created rill, where the result acquired using presented method was compared to the real volume. The comparison showed that the algorithm may underestimate the volume by 10-15%. In addition, the influence of the position of the rill edge polygon was tested on two DSMs of erosion rills. The resulting volumes of the rills, calculated on the basis of eight different edge polygons, varied by 5%. The algorithm also automates interpolation of the surface prior to erosion, which simplifies its usage in firstly monitored regions. The algorithm can also be used for volumetric analyses in other research areas and it is made available as a supplement of the publication.
Báčová M., Krása J. (2016): Application of historical and recent aerial imagery in monitoring water erosion occurrences in Czech highlands. Soil & Water Res., This study is focused on the historical evolution of a heavily eroded field with discontinuous grass cover on a major thalweg (ephemeral gully). Tens of parcels originally formed a protective pattern in the study area, and the thalweg was permanently covered with grass. During the period of collectivization, the field structure had been unified into a compact 34 ha parcel, which resulted in the formation of ephemeral gullies after every heavy rainfall event. Historical and recent aerial photographs were used to analyze the erosion occurrences, vegetation degradation connected with the erosion processes, and the land-use pattern. The visual erosion pattern assessment has indicated that in this field, rills and other erosion objects have repeatedly developed in the same locations in different time periods. The soil erosion hazard was also modelled by the new Czech erosion model Atlas EROZE. A comparison between the modelling results and the assessment of real visual data shows that areas at risk can be identified by both these methods. In addition, the land-use pattern was modelled using two different scenarios. The results suggest that soil erosion can be significantly reduced by segmentation of the field into smaller plots.
Field observations and consecutive modelling of soil erosion events proved to be essential for understanding and predicting erosion and sediment transport. An experimental approach often utilizes a large variety of rainfall simulators. In this technical note a complex methodology is introduced, using a mobile rainfall simulator developed at the Czech Technical University in Prague. An experimental setup with two watered plots (16 + 1 m 2 ) was established, which enables simultaneous measurements in two scales and monitoring of surface runoff, flow velocity, infiltration, sediment subsurface flow, vegetation cover effect suspended solids and phosphorus transport, surface roughness and surface evolution under rainfall and other variables. The simulator is built on a trailer transportable by car with folding arm carrying four FullJet WSQ nozzles operating independently. The configuration and water pressure 0.7 bar leads to the total watered area 2.4 x 9.6 m. Average drop size (d50) reaches 1.75 mm for 0.7 bar pressure. Christiansen uniformity index CU reaches 85%. A selection of experimental results highlights both the advantages and the weaknesses of the presented experimental setup.
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