Molecularly imprinted polymers were used as specific binding matrices for the solid phase extraction and cleanup of biological sample extracts. To demonstrate this, an anti-atrazine polymer was used to cleanup organic extracts of beef liver. Atrazine retention on the columns was greatest in chloroform. The binding capacity of the polymer in chloroform was 19 mumol of atrazine per gram. Purified and unpurified beef liver extracts were analyzed by both reversed-phase HPLC and ELISA. The use of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) improved the accuracy and precision of the HPLC method and lowered the limit of detection (0.005 ppm). Atrazine recovery as determined by HPLC from beef liver homogenates spiked to levels from 0.005 to 0.5 ppm averaged 88.7% following MISPE and 60.9% for the unpurified extracts. Atrazine recovery as determined by ELISA averaged 92.8% following MISPE and 79.6% for the unpurified extracts. Crude tissue sample extracts interfered with both the HPLC and ELISA methods. However, the use of MISPE allowed for the rapid analysis of complex biological matrices using either method at the tolerance level of 0.02 ppm in meat products. The application of molecular imprinting technology for solid phase extraction is a new approach for the analysis of highly lipophilic low molecular weight contaminants.
NBgre, M.; Gennari, M.; Cignetti, A. "High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Fluazifop-butyl and Fluazifop in Soil and Water". J. Chromatogr. 1987, 387, Palmieri, R.; GiacchB, E.; Baldrati, C.; Malizia, R.; Marazzato, G. "Fluazifop-butyl (=PP 009), nuovo graminicida specific0 ne1 deserbo di post-emergenza della barbabietola da zucchero". Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 1982, I, 311-317. Parker, N. Y.; Monaco, T. J.; Leidy, R. B.; Sheets, T. J. "Weed Control with Fluazifop-butyl and Residues in Cucurbit Crops (Cucumis sp.) and Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas)". Weed Sci. 1985, 33, 405-410.Smith, A. E. "Degradation of the Herbicide Dichlorfop-methyl in Prairie Soils".Photolytic ozonation followed by microbial degradation has been considered as a disposal option for agricultural pesticide wastewater. In an effort to better understand and ultimately to optimize the process
Sulfonamide antibiotics are used to treat a variety of bacterial and protozoan infections in cattle, swine, and poultry. Current residue methods for the analysis of sulfonamides in animal-based food products include bioassays, chromatographic methods (HPLC, GLC), and immunoassays. Most immunoassays have employed highly specific polyclonal antibodies. In this paper, we describe the isolation of monoclonal antibodies against sulfadimethoxine (SDM) that vary in their sensitivities and cross-reactivities against a large number of sulfonamides. The most sensitive monoclonal antibody, designated SDM-18, exhibits an IC(50) value for SDM of 1.53 ppb. Another monoclonal antibody, designated SDM-44, exhibits IC(50) values for six sulfonamides well below the established threshold level of 100 ppb for animal tissues. Molecular modeling studies of the cross-reactive drugs suggest that, depending on the monoclonal antibody, both steric and electronic features govern antibody binding. Due to the diversity of these monoclonal antibodies, it should be possible to design both compound- and class-specific monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays.
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