TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractUnder deepwater operating conditions, hydrates and wax can often form blockages in a pipeline. The resultant costs to remediate the situation include not only those for removing the blockage, but also for lost production.The KHI provided lower operating costs plus better environmental conditions than methanol, which had been used before the well was re-completed.The advantages and disadvantages of this KHI product are reviewed. Some of the advantages of KHIs (compared to methanol) include reduced logistics, removal of the undesirable methanol from the crude, plus no oil/water quality issues.This continuous injection application in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico is special since KHIs have generally not been used there. Most previous continuous injection case histories have been from the North Sea. Also, wax control additives were used in conjunction with the LDHIs.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis paper details three field applications of combined low dose hydrate (LDHI) and corrosion inhibitor (CI) chemicals in different assets in the Southern North Sea (UKCS) gas producing area. The design and application philosophy is discussed as well as the criteria necessary to manage a safe and efficient chemical transition. The three fields all displayed mid-level degrees of sub-cooling (4 -8 °C) with operating pressures up to 70 bar with variable water breakthrough. Corrosion was severe in some cases with over 700 ppm of H 2 S production combined with 1.1 mol % CO 2 in the produced gas.The paper goes onto describe the cost benefits of such applications including increased equipment efficiency, logistical savings of single chemical deployment and lower maintenance costs. In addition improved hydrate and corrosion control was achieved over the incumbent chemical. This approach achieved cost savings, including a saving of $3 million in the first year of application on one of the fields. Environmental benefits have also been realised with reduced chemical usage and discharge and improved environmental profile of the combined products when compared to the originally selected single application chemicals.
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