In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulation to explore the physical principles governing the polarity
of room-temperature ionic liquids. We use the calculated absorption spectrum of the solvatochromic dye
molecule betaine-30 as a proxy for polarity and characterize the solute−solvent interactions responsible for
the solvatochromic shift. We analyze specific solute−solvent interactions and discuss the complications posed
by the proximity of counterions in solution. We also explore the question of competition between solute−solvent and solvent−solvent interactions and find evidence supporting a recently proposed scheme for control
of solvent polarity. Finally, we show that nonspecific electrostatic solute−solvent interactions are screened
by the ionic solvent, dictating that the thermodynamic properties of solvation are determined by local
interactions. However, thermal fluctuations create transient long-ranged solute−solvent interactions that could
be important for chemical kinetics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.