Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose–Einstein Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the first realization of the BEC and 15 years after the realization of the atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new ideas which have not yet been realized.
Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultracold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control, and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, the authors survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. The authors review some of the latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits' design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done at the level of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, such as persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. The authors summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, the authors discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features.
High-resolution differential cross section (DCS) and accurate new limiting diffusion measurements for all the unlike-pair He+rare-gas systems are combined in constructing new multiproperty interatomic potentials. The new potentials predict most properties available for these systems, including independent high-resolution DCS measurements. Remaining discrepancies with earlier multiproperty potentials for HeKr and HeXe are attributed to incompatibilities among data sets used in the multiproperty fitting procedure. It is also shown that the 5% difference in well depths between two recently proposed potentials for HeXe is due to some of the data used in constructing these potentials, and that the DCS measurements of those studies are mutually consistent. Finally, the present potentials are refined slightly for agreement with high-energy cross section measurements. At the present level of reliability for DCS and dilute-gas data, it seems likely that high-resolution DCS and accurate (limiting) diffusion measurements will assist in determining He+molecule potentials. These two properties are particularly useful because they are independent of uncertainties in the corresponding molecule+molecule potentials.
We present an analysis of magnetic traps for ultracold atoms based on current-carrying wires with sub-micron dimensions. We analyze the physical limitations of these conducting wires, as well as how such miniaturized magnetic traps are affected by the nearby surface due to tunneling to the surface, surface thermal noise, electron scattering within the wire, and the Casimir-Polder force. We show that wires with cross sections as small as a few tens of nanometers should enable robust operating conditions for coherent atom optics (e.g., tunneling barriers for interferometry). In particular, trap sizes on the order of the deBroglie wavelength become accessible, based solely on static magnetic fields, thereby bringing the atomchip a step closer to fulfilling its promise of a compact device for complex and accurate quantum optics with ultracold atoms.
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