Silicon continues to draw great interest as an anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its large specific capacity for lithium. Macroporous silicon produced by electrochemical etching is one of several anode materials of interest, but its energy density is oftentimes limited due to its attachment to an unreactive silicon substrate. Here, we present a novel “lift-off” method by which a freestanding macroporous silicon film (MPSF) is electrochemically detached from the underlying bulk silicon and combined with pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a conductive polymer that forms a conjugated-chain chemical structure. We report the performance of these silicon thin films with and without pyrolyzed PAN.

Background Since the original description by Letournel in 1961, the ilioinguinal approach has remained the predominant approach for anterior acetabular fixation. However, modifications of the original abdominal approach described by Stoppa have made another option available for reduction and fixation of pelvic and acetabular fractures. Questions/purposes We evaluated our results in patients with acetabulum fractures with the modified Stoppa approach in terms of (1) hip function as measured by the Merle d'Aubigne hip score; (2) complications; and (3) quality of fracture reduction and percentage of fractures that united. Methods Between September 2008 and August 2012, 289 patients with acetabular fractures were treated at our Level I trauma center. Twelve percent (36 of 289) of patients were treated operatively using the modified Stoppa approach. Ninety-seven percent (35 of 36) of our patients had fracture patterns involving displacement of the posterior column. Six (17%) were converted early to a total hip arthroplasty, and 14 (39%) were lost to final followup, leaving 22 of 36 for subjective clinical outcome analysis at a mean of 32 months (range, 9-59 months). Our general indications for this approach during the period in question were fractures of the anterior column and anterior wall, anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fractures, both column fractures, transverse fractures, and T-type fractures. Followup included regularly scheduled office visits with radiographs (AP pelvis, Judet views) that were graded by the treating surgeon and by the authors of this study (MJI, BCT) and patient outcome surveys.One of the authors (BCT) certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has or may receive payments or benefits, during the study period of less than USD 10,000 from DepuySynthes (DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc, Warsaw, IN, USA), Orthobullets.com for editorial staff services (Lineage Medical, LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA), and research grant support from Synthes and the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. One of the authors (BGF) certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has or may receive payments or benefits, during the study period of less than USD 10,000 from Biomet (Biomet, Inc, Warsaw, IN, USA) and is on the speakers' bureau for DepuySynthes. One of the authors (AP) certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has or may receive payments or benefits, during the study period of less than USD 10,000 from Biomet and Stryker (Kalamazoo, MI, USA). All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained. Results Merle d'Aubigne hip scores were very good in 55% (12 of 22), good in 9% (two of 22),...

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One of the most exciting areas in lithium ion batteries is engineering structured silicon anodes. These new materials promise to lead the next generation of batteries with significantly higher reversible charge capacity than current technologies. One drawback of these materials is that their production involves costly processing steps, limiting their application in commercial lithium ion batteries. In this report we present an inexpensive method for synthesizing macroporous silicon particulates (MPSPs). After being mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and pyrolyzed, MPSPs can alloy with lithium, resulting in capacities of 1000 mAhg−1 for over 600+ cycles. These sponge-like MPSPs with pyrolyzed PAN (PPAN) can accommodate the large volume expansion associated with silicon lithiation. This performance combined with low cost processing yields a competitive anode material that will have an immediate and direct application in lithium ion batteries.

Zinc electrode rest potentials were measured in concentrated KOH-K2Zn(OH)4-H20 electrolytes from 15 ~ to 55~ Experimental values of the Zn electrode potential and the variation of the Zn electrode potential with temperature in Zn(OH)42-saturated KOH-H20 electrolytes, were consistent with calculated values. The error in the rest potentials due to H2 evolution on the Zn electrodes was estimated to be less than 0.1 mV. A general correlation for the Zn electrode potential as a function of electrolyte concentration and temperature is given. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.173.72.87 Downloaded on 2015-06-25 to IP