A new class of electrically charged wormholes is described in which the outer two sphere is not spanned by a compact coorientable hypersurface. These wormholes can therefore display net electric charge from the source free Maxwell's equation. This extends the work of Sorkin on non-space orientable manifolds, to spacetimes which do not admit a time orientation. The work is motivated by the suggestion that quantum theory can be explained by modelling elementary particles as regions of spacetime with non-trivial causal structure. The simplest example of an electrically charged spacetime carries a spherical symmetry.
For the first time it is shown that the logic of quantum mechanics can be derived from Classical Physics. An orthomodular lattice of propositions, characteristic of quantum logic, is constructed for manifolds in Einstein's theory of general relativity. A particle is modelled by a topologically non-trivial 4-manifold with closed timelike curves -a 4-geon, rather than as an evolving 3-manifold. It is then possible for both the state preparation and measurement apparatus to constrain the results of experiments. It is shown that propositions about the results of measurements can satisfy a non-distributive logic rather than the Boolean logic of classical systems. Reasonable assumptions about the role of the measurement apparatus leads to an orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic.
It is shown that models of elementary particles in classical general relativity (geons) will naturally have the transformation properties of a spinor if the spacetime manifold is not time orientable. From a purely pragmatic interpretation of quantum theory this explains why spinor fields are needed to represent particles. The models are based entirely on classical general relativity and are motivated by the suggestion that the lack of a time-orientation could be the origin of quantum phenomena.
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