This paper summarizes the spectrum of options that can be employed during the initial design and construction of a both pulverized coal and integrated gasification and combined cycle plants to reduce the costs and derating of retrofitting for CO 2 capture at some later date in the future. The impacts of these investments on the economics and lifetime CO 2 emissions of the plant were also investigated and quantified. A full report of the results of this analysis will be available over the Internet in the summer of 2006 [7].
Finite element-based simulations of vehicle body systems are an effective means of optimizing a design. However, body systems often consist of components from a variety of sources. Hence, accurate modeling requires a robust set of analysis functionality for joining such components. Joints—such as welds, bolts, rivets, clinches, and adhesives—present unique challenges to the analyst. Despite the critical influence joints have on functional performance, there is little information on best practices for modeling such connections. This paper presents a survey of some of the approaches available in ABAQUS, a general-purpose commercial finite element code, and discusses various applications of these techniques through a series of case studies. While the modeling techniques discussed in this paper have been motivated largely by automotive applications, they are also applicable to other areas such as aerospace structures.
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