Background: Toxic components of lipofuscin in the retina are proposed to arise from all-trans-retinal, a by-product of light detection. Results: Lipofuscin precursors form from 11-cis-retinal; lipofuscin accumulation is independent of light exposure. Conclusion: 11-cis-Retinal is the primary source of lipofuscin components. Significance: 11-cis-Retinal may play a major role in the pathogenesis of macular degenerations.
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